ArticleJournal of affective disorders2023
Not all traumas are created equal: Phenotypic heterogeneity of PTSD symptoms in relation to index traumas in U.S. military veterans.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prolonged Exposure and Emotion Regulation Skills Training: A Pilot Study Among Veterans with Military Sexual Trauma-Related PTSD and Difficulties with Emotion Regulation.Cognitive and behavioral practice · 2026Article
- Precision phenotyping of elevated arousal in posttraumatic stress disorder: implications for personalized GABAergic pharmacotherapy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- No two traumas are alike, and neither are two presentations of PTSD.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Suicide Risk in U.S. Adults: Alcohol Misuse, Veteran Status, and Urbanization Comparison.Rural mental health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent in military veterans. Although exposure to trauma is subsumed under the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, there is great variability in index traumatic events, and the clinical presentation of PTSD may vary in individuals depending on the type of event experienced. We examined the relationship between different index traumas and PTSD symptoms in 3507 trauma-exposed U.S. military veterans who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Results showed that interpersonal violence and combat/captivity was associated with greater overall severity of PTSD symptoms relative to illness/injury and disaster/accident. Interpersonal violence and combat/captivity were also associated with greater severity of intrusive, avoidance, negative affect, anhedonia, externalizing behaviors, and anxious and dysphoric arousal symptoms, relative to the other two categories. Implications of these findings for tailoring treatment approaches for PTSD in veterans are discussed.
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