Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37571561›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2023

Forgery Cyber-Attack Supported by LSTM Neural Network: An Experimental Case Study.

Krzysztof Zarzycki, Patryk Chaber, Krzysztof Cabaj, Maciej Ławryńczuk, Piotr Marusak, Robert Nebeluk, Sebastian Plamowski, Andrzej Wojtulewicz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Krzysztof ZarzyckiInstitute of Control and Computation Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8436-7325
Patryk ChaberInstitute of Control and Computation Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-0257-8255
Krzysztof CabajInstitute of Computer Science, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5955-5890
Maciej ŁawryńczukInstitute of Control and Computation Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6846-2004
Piotr MarusakInstitute of Control and Computation Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6556-7919
Robert NebelukInstitute of Control and Computation Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1152-8690
Sebastian PlamowskiInstitute of Control and Computation Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6610-8039
Andrzej WojtulewiczInstitute of Control and Computation Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6984-391X

Funding

Laboratory for Vulnerability Analysis (LaVA) of stationary and mobile IT devices and algorithms and software CYBERSECIDENT/488240IV/NCBR/2021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This work is concerned with the vulnerability of a network industrial control system to cyber-attacks, which is a critical issue nowadays. This is because an attack on a controlled process can damage or destroy it. These attacks use long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks, which model dynamical processes. This means that the attacker may not know the physical nature of the process; an LSTM network is sufficient to mislead the process operator. Our experimental studies were conducted in an industrial control network containing a magnetic levitation process. The model training, evaluation, and structure selection are described. The chosen LSTM network very well mimicked the considered process. Finally, based on the obtained results, we formulated possible protection methods against the considered types of cyber-attack.

Indexed as

cyber-attackscyber-securityindustrial control systemsLSTM neural networksPLCSCADA

Identifiers

PMID37571561
PMCPMC10422211

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.