ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Autoimmune Encephalitis with Antibodies: Anti-NMDAR, Anti-AMPAR, Anti-GQ1b, Anti-DPPX, Anti-CASPR2, Anti-LGI1, Anti-RI, Anti-Yo, Anti-Hu, Anti-CV2 and Anti-GABAAR, in the Course of Psychoses, Neoplastic Diseases, and Paraneoplastic Syndromes.
Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Guideline
- Autonomic Dysfunction and Sleep Disorder in 35 Autoimmune Encephalitis.Sleep medicine: X · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation and epileptogenesis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Letter to the Editor: Dengue virus as an underrecognized cause of encephalitis in tropical Asia - Bridging diagnostic and surveillance gaps.World journal of virology · 2026Article
- Neuronal autoantibodies in neurodegenerative dementia: From evidence to clinical framework.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Review
- CASPR2 antibody-related neurological syndromes in children: three cases report and literature review.BMC pediatrics · 2026Review
- Autoimmune Encephalitis with Neuronal Surface Autoantibodies and Other Suspected Cases of Autoimmune Etiology: A Single-Center Experience in Poland.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Clinical Features, Antibody Profiles, and Prognostic Factors in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Anti-dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 antibody-associated encephalitis masquerading as weight loss and confusion: a case report.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 antibody-positive limbic encephalitis in a patient with an early-stage asymptomatic breast cancer.BMJ case reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Case Report: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia following double filtration plasmapheresis in a patient with anti-GAD65 autoimmune encephalitis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Features of the clinical course of Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with various antibodies.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Observational
- Etiology, Clinical Profiles, and Outcomes of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Cases Admitted to a Tertiary Care Center in Myanmar in 2023.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Anti-contact protein-associated protein 2 antibody encephalitis in children: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Case report: Successful treatment of an anti-D2R and DPPX antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis patient with high-dose methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in pediatric autoimmune encephalitis: a multicenter study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Encephalitis is a condition with a variety of etiologies, clinical presentations, and degrees of severity. The causes of these disorders include both neuroinfections and autoimmune diseases in which host antibodies are pathologically directed against self-antigens. In autoimmune encephalitis, autoantibodies are expressed in the central nervous system. The incidence of this disease is approximately 4% of all reported cases of encephalitis. Autoimmune encephalitis can be induced by antibodies against neuronal surface antigens such as N-methyl-D-aspartate-activated glutamate receptors (NMDAR), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors (AMPAR) or gangliosides GQ1b, DPPX, CASPR2, LGI1, as well as by antibodies against neuronal intracellular antigens. The paper presents a number of both mental and neurological symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis. Moreover, the coexistence of psychoses, neoplastic diseases, and the methods of diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis are discussed. Attention was also drawn to the fact that early diagnosis, as well as early initiation of targeted treatment, increases the chance of a successful course of the therapeutic process. Strategy and Methodology: The articles on which the following paper was based were searched using search engines such as PubMed and Medline. Considering that anti-NMDAR antibodies were first described in 2007, the articles were from 2007 to 2023. The selection of papers was made by entering the phrases "autoimmune encephalitis and psychosis/paraneplastic syndromes or cancer". The total number of articles that could be searched was 747, of which 100 items were selected, the most recent reports illustrating the presented topic. Thirty-four of them were rejected in connection with case reports or papers that could not be accessed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.