ArticleCancers2023
Incidence and Predictors for Oncologic Etiologies in Chinese Children with Pituitary Stalk Thickening.
Article in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- [A rare case of Rosai-Dorfman disease involving the pituitary stalk and presenting initially with diabetes insipidus].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- Pituitary Stalk Lesion Sampling by Transsphenoidal Posterior Lobe Biopsy: A Case Series.Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2026Article
- The Diagnostic Challenge of Hypophysitis vs. Non-Functioning Pituitary Macroadenomas: An Updated Review and Comparative Analysis of Distinguishing Criteria.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Distinct Presentations of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Children: A Case Series.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2025Article
- A Toluene-induced Infundibulo-neuro-hypophysitis: Presentation of a New Cause of Hypophysitis Secondary to Toxic Exposure and Review on Toluene Inhalation Endocrine Effects.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- High detection rate of circulating-tumor DNA from cerebrospinal fluid of children with central nervous system germ cell tumors.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
- Comprehensive considerations for dermatologists: the application of FDG-PET in evaluating cutaneous lesions in pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Pituitary stalk thickening in pediatric patients: an underrecognized diagnosis?Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Stalking the stalk: Isolated pituitary stalk thickening and predictive factors for proliferative disease.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of children with endocrine disorders, pituitary stalk thickening (PST) poses a clinical conundrum due to the potential for underlying neoplasms and challenges in obtaining a tissue biopsy. The existing literature suggests Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) to be the commonest (16%) oncologic cause for PST, followed by germ cell tumors (GCTs, 13%) (CCLG 2021). As the cancer epidemiology varies according to ethnicity, we present herein the incidence and predictors for oncologic etiologies in Hong Kong Chinese children with PST.
methodsBased on a territory-wide electronic database, we reviewed patients aged < 19 years who presented to three referral centers with endocrinopathies between 2010 and 2022. Records for patients who underwent at least one MRI brain/pituitary were examined (
resultsTwenty-eight patients (M:F = 10:18) were identified. The median age at diagnosis of PST was 10.9 years (range: 3.8-16.5), with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) being the most frequent presenting endocrine disorders. At a median follow-up of 4.8 years, oncologic diagnoses were made in 14 patients (50%), including 13 GCTs (46%; germinoma = 11, non-germinoma = 2) and one LCH (4%). Among patients with GCTs, 10 were diagnosed based on histology, two by abnormal tumor markers and one by a combination of histology and tumor markers. Three patients with germinoma were initially misdiagnosed as hypophysitis/LCH. The cumulative incidence of oncologic diagnoses was significantly higher in boys and patients with PST at presentation ≥6.5 mm, CDI or ≥2 pituitary hormone deficiencies at presentation and evolving hypopituitarism (all
conclusionsA higher rate of GCTs was observed in Chinese children with endocrinopathy and isolated PST. The predictors identified in this study may guide healthcare providers in Asia in clinical decision making. Serial measurement of tumor markers is essential in management.
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