ReviewCancers2023
Clinical Applications of Immunotherapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma in Adults.
Review in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging frontiers in glioma therapy: the evolving role of glioma vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CAR-T Cell Therapy in Glioblastoma: Overcoming Immunological Barriers and Advancing Clinical Translation.Cancer management and research · 2026Review
- Drug-loaded nanoparticles induce immunogenic cell death and efficiently target cells from glioblastoma patients.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma: Molecular Pathways, Emerging Strategies, and Future Directions.Cells · 2025Review
- Immune Resistance in Glioblastoma: Understanding the Barriers to ICI and CAR-T Cell Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- ZnPPIX-Loaded Nanoemulsions Reprogram Immunosuppressive Macrophages in Vitro: A Potential Strategy for Glioblastoma Microenvironment Modulation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- An Update on the Clinical Status, Challenges, and Future Directions of Oncolytic Virotherapy for Malignant Gliomas.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Revisiting the standards of cancer detection and therapy alongside their comparison to modern methods.World journal of methodology · 2024Review
- A viral attack on brain tumors: the potential of oncolytic virus therapy.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Review
- Designing Gold Nanoparticles for Precise Glioma Treatment: Challenges and Alternatives.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Unraveling the intricacies of glioblastoma progression and recurrence: insights into the role of NFYB and oxidative phosphorylation at the single-cell level.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite standard therapies, including resection and chemoradiation, recurrence is virtually inevitable. Current treatment for recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is rapidly evolving, and emerging therapies aimed at targeting primary GBM are often first tested in rGBM to demonstrate safety and feasibility, which, in recent years, has primarily been in the form of immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to highlight progress in clinical trials of immunotherapy for rGBM, including immune checkpoint blockade, oncolytic virotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, cancer vaccine and immunotoxins. Three independent reviewers covered literature, published between the years 2000 and 2022, in various online databases. In general, the efficacy of immunotherapy in rGBM remains uncertain, and is limited to subsets/small cohorts of patients, despite demonstrating feasibility in early-stage clinical trials. However, considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that may preclude rGBM patients from responding to immunotherapy, as well as in developing new approaches/combination strategies that may inspire optimism for the utility of immunotherapy in this devastating disease. Continued trials are necessary to further assess the best therapeutic avenues and ascertain which treatments might benefit each patient individually.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.