ArticleScientific reports2023
Serum ferritin level during hospitalization is associated with Brain Fog after COVID-19.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- One-year longitudinal cohort study of chemosensory recovery and plasma biomarker dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 survivors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Inflammation and iron metabolism dysregulation as hallmarks of COVID-19 severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Neurological and Immunological Insights Into Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Childhood hand, foot and mouth disease sequelae cohort study in Henan, China: cohort profile.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Long Neuro-COVID-19: Current Mechanistic Views and Therapeutic Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Social impact of brain fog and analysis of risk factors: Long COVID in Japanese population.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- Association of Coagulopathy and Inflammatory Biomarkers with Severity in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individuals of the Al-Qunfudhah Region of Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The knowns and unknowns of long COVID-19: from mechanisms to therapeutical approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains an epidemic worldwide. Most patients suffer residual symptoms, the so-called "Long COVID," which includes respiratory and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Brain Fog, one of the symptoms of Long COVID, is a major public health issue because it can impair patients' quality of life even after recovery from the disease. However, neither the pathogenesis nor the treatment of this condition remains unknown. We focused on serum ferritin levels in this study and collected information on the onset of Brain Fog through questionnaires and found that high ferritin levels during hospitalization were associated with the occurrence of Brain Fog. In addition, we excluded confounders as far as possible using propensity score analyses and found that ferritin was independently associated with Brain Fog in most of the models. We conducted phase analysis and evaluated the interaction of each phase with ferritin levels and Brain Fog. We found a positive correlation between serum ferritin levels during hospitalization and Brain Fog after COVID-19. High ferritin levels in patients with Brain Fog may reflect the contribution of chronic inflammation in the development of Brain Fog. This study provides a novel insight into the pathogenic mechanism of Brain Fog after COVID-19.
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