ArticleNature communications2023
Domain loss enabled evolution of novel functions in the snake three-finger toxin gene superfamily.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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22 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- The genomic origins and evolutionary path to a key innovation in the world's most venomous snakes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- From neuropeptides to toxins: illuminating the origins of venom complexity in cone snails.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- The genomic origins and evolutionary path to a key innovation in the world's most venomous snakes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Quantitative analysis of growth and diversification in venom data using database metrics.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2026Article
- Origin of class B J-domain proteins involved in amyloid transactions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The green lacewing venom system and the complex mechanisms underlying its evolution.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Structural similarities reveal an expansive conotoxin family with a two-finger toxin fold.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Toxin data quality: a critical examination of bacterial exotoxins and animal toxins.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- NGATHA carpel development genes evolved in the common ancestor of seed plants.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- From Neuropeptides to Toxins: Illuminating the Origins of Venom Complexity in Cone Snails.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- FlatProt: 2D visualization eases protein structure comparison.BMC bioinformatics · 2025Article
- The gene regulatory mechanisms shaping the heterogeneity of venom production in the Cape coral snake.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Genomic signatures associated with the evolutionary loss of egg yolk in parasitoid wasps.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals the contribution of neoVTX genes to venom diversity of Synanceia verrucosa.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- In Search of the Role of Three-Finger Starfish Proteins.Marine drugs · 2024Article
- Diversely evolved xibalbin variants from remipede venom inhibit potassium channels and activate PKA-II and Erk1/2 signaling.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Evolutionary paths toward multi-level convergence of lactic acid bacteria in fructose-rich environments.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Red-on-Yellow Queen: Bio-Layer Interferometry Reveals Functional Diversity Within Micrurus Venoms and Toxin Resistance in Prey Species.Journal of molecular evolution · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Three-finger toxins (3FTXs) are a functionally diverse family of toxins, apparently unique to venoms of caenophidian snakes. Although the ancestral function of 3FTXs is antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, redundancy conferred by the accumulation of duplicate genes has facilitated extensive neofunctionalization, such that derived members of the family interact with a range of targets. 3FTXs are members of the LY6/UPAR family, but their non-toxin ancestor remains unknown. Combining traditional phylogenetic approaches, manual synteny analysis, and machine learning techniques (including AlphaFold2 and ProtT5), we have reconstructed a detailed evolutionary history of 3FTXs. We identify their immediate ancestor as a non-secretory LY6, unique to squamate reptiles, and propose that changes in molecular ecology resulting from loss of a membrane-anchoring domain and changes in gene expression, paved the way for the evolution of one of the most important families of snake toxins.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.