Trial reportBiological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging2023
Effects of Hyperdirect Pathway Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Inhibitory Control, Craving, and Smoking in Adults With Nicotine Dependence: A Double-Blind, Randomized Crossover Trial.
Trial report in Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence for safety and tolerability of transcranial magnetic stimulation for substance use disorders.Brain stimulationPooled it
- Blunted anterior midcingulate response to reward in opioid users is normalized by prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation.Translational psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Comparing neuromodulation targets to reduce cigarette craving and withdrawal: a randomized clinical trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Convergence of TMS Sites and Lesion Locations Associated With Nicotine Addiction Improvement on a Common Brain Circuit.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Determinants of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Efficacy in Tobacco Use Disorder: A Pre-Registered Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Smoking Cessation: A Narrative Review of Neurobiological Mechanisms from Craving Modulation to Neural Circuit Restoration.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- The Impaired Response Inhibition and Salience Attribution Model of Drug Addiction: Recent Neuroimaging Evidence and Future Directions.Annual review of psychology · 2026Review
- EEG Microstates Signatures of rTMS Response Over the lDLPFC: A Band-Specific Analysis.Brain topography · 2025Article
- Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Drug Cue Reactivity With a Potential for Improving Outpatient Treatment Outcomes in Cocaine Use Disorder.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Four dimensions of individualization in brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: context, target, dose, and timing.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Regulation of craving and underlying resting-state neural circuitry predict hazard of smoking lapse.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Inhibitory control in the sober state as a function of alcohol sensitivity: a pilot functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Targeting VMPFC-amygdala circuit with TMS in substance use disorder: A mechanistic framework.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- rTMS for Co-occurring Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders: Narrative Review and Future Directions.Current addiction reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNicotine dependence is associated with dysregulated hyperdirect pathway (HDP)-mediated inhibitory control (IC). However, there are currently no evidence-based treatments that have been shown to target the HDP to improve IC and reduce cigarette cravings and smoking.
methodsFollowing a baseline nonstimulation control session, this study (N = 37; female: n = 17) used a double-blind, randomized crossover design to examine the behavioral and neural effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and continuous TBS (cTBS) to the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG)-a key cortical node of the HDP. Associations between treatment effects were also explored.
resultsAt baseline, HDP IC task-state functional connectivity was positively associated with IC task performance, which confirmed the association between HDP circuit function and IC. Compared with iTBS, rIFG cTBS improved IC task performance. Compared with the baseline nonstimulation control session, both TBS conditions reduced cigarette craving and smoking; however, although craving and smoking were lower for cTBS, no differences were found between the two active conditions. In addition, although HDP IC task-state functional connectivity was greater following cTBS than iTBS, there was no significant difference between conditions. Finally, cTBS-induced improvement in IC task performance was associated with reduced craving, and cTBS-induced reduction in craving was associated with reduced smoking.
conclusionsThese findings warrant further investigation into the effects of rIFG cTBS for increasing IC and reducing craving and smoking among individuals with nicotine dependence. Future sham-controlled cTBS studies may help further elucidate the mechanisms by which rIFG cTBS mediates IC and smoking behavior.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.