ArticlePediatric radiology2023
Prevalence of incidental sonographic findings of hepatic steatosis in children under 4 years of age.
Article in Pediatric radiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Updates on paediatric MASLD: insights from an endocrine lens.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Hepatorenal Index in Pediatric Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sonographic evidence of hepatic steatosis is highly prevalent in at-risk children under 4 years of age.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Article
- Practical approach to quantitative liver and pancreas MRI in children.Pediatric radiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe age of onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its prevalence in young children is incompletely understood.
objectiveWe sought to evaluate the prevalence of ultrasound findings of hepatic steatosis in a cohort of children less than 4 years of age. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis is an institutional review board-approved retrospective review of ultrasounds performed on children less than 4 years of age from January 2022 to August 2022 at a single quaternary care center. Two independent blinded reviewers evaluated for qualitative and semi-quantitative findings of hepatic steatosis. Per prior literature, hepatorenal index (HRI)>1.75 was used as a threshold suggestive of hepatic steatosis. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression analyses were performed for univariable and multivariable statistical analyses. Kappa statistics were used to assess agreement between reviewers.
resultsEighty-five males and 102 females, median age of 1.1 years (interquartile range 2.1 years), were included. Qualitative findings of hepatic steatosis were seen in 26/187 (14%; 95% CI 10-20%). An HRI>1.75 was present in 15/187 (8%; 95% CI: 5-13%) of examinations, including 11 females and 4 males, and 7/123 (6%) participants <2 years old. Among participants with overweight or obesity, 8/43 (19%) had HRI>1.75 vs. 7/144 (5%) participants without overweight or obesity (P=0.004). Each percentile increase in anthropometrics percentile (weight-to-length or BMI, depending on age) was associated with 22 increased odds of HRI>1.75 (P=0.02).
conclusionPrevalence of sonographic findings of hepatic steatosis in an unselected sample of preschool-age children is 8-14%, and are more common in participants with overweight/obesity.
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