ArticleNature communications2023
Polyelectrolyte elastomer-based ionotronic sensors with multi-mode sensing capabilities via multi-material 3D printing.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Boosting ionic conductivity of single-ion conductive polyelectrolyte elastomers via high-dielectric plasticizers.Nature materials · 2026Article
- A highly sensitive and drift-free iontronic sensor enabled by a polarity-balanced polyelectrolyte for surgical force sensing.Science advances · 2026Article
- Fully Printed Ionic Diodes from Polymerizable Ionic Liquids.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Touching with torque enables human-level robotic dexterity.Science advances · 2026Article
- Ionic-Bionic Interfaces: Advancing Iontronic Strategies for Bioelectronic Sensing and Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- 3D Printing Strategies for Bioengineering Human Cornea.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Article
- Soft photo-ionotronics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Integrated 3D Printing of Liquid Metal and Elastomer for Soft Robots and Electronics.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Multimaterial 3D printed soft robots with embedded actuation and sensing.Science advances · 2025Article
- A hyperconformal dual-modal metaskin for well-defined and high-precision contextual interactions.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Impact of Microstructure on Sensing Performance of Fiber-Based Iontronic Pressure Sensors: A Comparative Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Resolving hyperelasticity-adhesiveness conflict in polymer networks by in situ constructing mechanical heterogeneities.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Skin-interfaced multimodal sensing and tactile feedback system as enhanced human-machine interface for closed-loop drone control.Science advances · 2025Article
- Digital light processing 3D printing of flexible devices: actuators, sensors and energy devices.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Review
- Polyelectrolyte-based wireless and drift-free iontronic sensors for orthodontic sensing.Science advances · 2025Article
- Preparation of Ion Composite Photosensitive Resin and Its Application in 3D-Printing Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Fully 3D-Printed Soft Capacitive Sensor of High Toughness and Large Measurement Range.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Continuous Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Stretchable ionotronics have drawn increasing attention during the past decade, enabling myriad applications in engineering and biomedicine. However, existing ionotronic sensors suffer from limited sensing capabilities due to simple device structures and poor stability due to the leakage of ingredients. In this study, we rationally design and fabricate a plethora of architected leakage-free ionotronic sensors with multi-mode sensing capabilities, using DLP-based 3D printing and a polyelectrolyte elastomer. We synthesize a photo-polymerizable ionic monomer for the polyelectrolyte elastomer, which is stretchable, transparent, ionically conductive, thermally stable, and leakage-resistant. The printed sensors possess robust interfaces and extraordinary long-term stability. The multi-material 3D printing allows high flexibility in structural design, enabling the sensing of tension, compression, shear, and torsion, with on-demand tailorable sensitivities through elaborate programming of device architectures. Furthermore, we fabricate integrated ionotronic sensors that can perceive different mechanical stimuli simultaneously without mutual signal interferences. We demonstrate a sensing kit consisting of four shear sensors and one compressive sensor, and connect it to a remote-control system that is programmed to wirelessly control the flight of a drone. Multi-material 3D printing of leakage-free polyelectrolyte elastomers paves new avenues for manufacturing stretchable ionotronics by resolving the deficiencies of stability and functionalities simultaneously.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.