ArticleJournal of endocrinological investigation2024
Clinical and molecular characteristics of two Italian kindreds with hypoparathyroidism, deafness and renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome.
Article in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case report: a case of hypoparathyroidism-sensorineural deafness-renal dysplasia syndrome.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- An Unusual Presentation of Barakat Syndrome: Gene Deletion at Chromosome 10p15.Case reports in nephrology · 2025Article
- A novel frameshift variant of GATA3 (p.Ala17ProfsTer178) responsible for HDR syndrome in a Japanese family.Endocrine journal · 2024Review
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11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
purposeHypoparathyroidism, deafness, and renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome, also known as Barakat syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by the triad of hypoparathyroidism, deafness, and renal abnormalities. The disorder is caused by the haploinsufficiency of the zinc finger transcription factor GATA3 and exhibits a great clinical variability with an age-dependent penetrance of each feature. We report two unrelated kindreds whose probands were referred to our outpatient clinic for further evaluation of hypoparathyroidism.
methodsThe proband of family 1, a 17-year-old boy, was referred for severe hypocalcemia (5.9 mg/dL) incidentally detected at routine blood tests. Abdomen ultrasound showed bilateral renal cysts. The audiometric evaluation revealed the presence of bilateral moderate hearing loss although the patient could communicate without any problem. Conversely, the proband of family 2, a 19-year-old man, had severe symptomatic hypocalcemia complicated by epileptic seizure at the age of 14 years; his past medical history was remarkable for right nephrectomy at the age of 4 months due to multicystic renal disease and bilateral hearing loss diagnosed at the age of 18 years.
resultsBased on clinical, biochemical, and radiologic data, HDR syndrome was suspected and genetic analysis of the GATA3 gene revealed the presence of two pathogenetic variants in exon 3, c.404dupC and c.431dupG, in the proband of family 1 and 2, respectively.
conclusionHDR syndrome is a rare cause of hypoparathyroidism and must be excluded in all patients with apparently idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. A correct diagnosis is of great importance for early detection of other HDR-related features and genetic counseling.
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