ReviewAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2023
Phenotypes, Etiotypes, and Endotypes of Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Review in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of oral proprietary Chinese medicines in the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Serum pentraxin-3 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Pooled it
- Real-world effectiveness of dupilumab in COPD: a German multicenter analysis.Respiratory research · 2026Observational
- Development and multicenter validation of machine learning models for 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Risk During the 90-Day Vulnerable Window After COPD Exacerbations: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bidirectional Clinical Interactions among Exacerbations and Comorbidities in COPD: A Narrative Review.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- A Brief History of COPD: As Told by Some of Its Senior Scientists and Clinicians.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- The Evolving Landscape of COPD Typization.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Clinical, Functional, and Psychosocial Profiles of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Etiotypes: A Taxonomy-Based Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Exploring health consequences of Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome in a national study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes associated with Shenling Bufei Tongluo Decoction as add-on therapy in stable COPD patients with a frequent-exacerbator phenotype: a retrospective real-world cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Induced Sputum Microbial Diversity and Function Changes in Patients with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Metagenomic Sequencing: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Asthma-Associated COPD Etiotype: Clinical Features and Inflammatory Patterns in Biological Samples.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Type 2 inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A promising treatable trait and practice recommendations.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Latent Class Analysis to Identify Novel Phenotypes in Exacerbations of COPD: A Retrospective, Multicenter Cohort Study.MedComm · 2025Article
- Clinical Phenotyping in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Steps Towards Personalized Medicine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Toward precision medicine in COPD: phenotypes, endotypes, biomarkers, and treatable traits.Respiratory research · 2025Review
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- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major health problem with a high prevalence, a rising incidence, and substantial morbidity and mortality. Its course is punctuated by acute episodes of increased respiratory symptoms, termed exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD). ECOPD are important events in the natural history of the disease, as they are associated with lung function decline and prolonged negative effects on quality of life. The present-day therapy for ECOPD with short courses of antibiotics and steroids and escalation of bronchodilators has resulted in only modest improvements in outcomes. Recent data indicate that ECOPD are heterogeneous, raising the need to identify distinct etioendophenotypes, incorporating traits of the acute event and of patients who experience recurrent events, to develop novel and targeted therapies. These characterizations can provide a complete clinical picture, the severity of which will dictate acute pharmacological treatment, and may also indicate whether a change in maintenance therapy is needed to reduce the risk of future exacerbations. In this review we discuss the latest knowledge of ECOPD types on the basis of clinical presentation, etiology, natural history, frequency, severity, and biomarkers in an attempt to characterize these events.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.