ArticleBiology of sex differences2023
Sex differences in metabolic phenotype and hypothalamic inflammation in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Peripheral and Central miRNA Signatures in Alzheimer's Disease: Tissue-Specific Variability, Sex-Associated Differences, and Implications for Blood-Based Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A timeline of structural and functional consequences to ipRGCs in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase-VB inhibition rescues brain endothelial stress and memory in Alzheimer's disease models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- L-Alliin Modulates Brain Region-Specific Neuroinflammatory Responses to Lipopolysaccharide in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Association of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers with malnutrition and altered body composition in cognitively impaired patients: a cross-sectional memory clinic study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Medium-chain triglycerides improve cognition and systemic metabolism in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Imaging the therapeutic effects of cerebral endothelial cell derived exosome treatment of a preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- More than Dysbiosis: Imbalance in Humoral and Neuronal Bidirectional Crosstalk Between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Medium-chain triglycerides and ketogenic diet prevent alterations of the gut microbiome in transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Stool-derived extracellular vesicles increase inflammasome signaling and regulate the gut-brain axis after stroke in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice.Experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Application of the Trend of miRNA Expression Levels in APP/PS1 Mice Plasma for the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The Missing Half: Why Sex Differences Matter in Alzheimer's Disease.Biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Evaluation of the Detection Potential of Serum Oligoelements Cu, Se and Zn for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease in the 3xTg-AD Animal Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Sex differences research is important!Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Interactions between menopause and high-fat diet on cognition and pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Age- and sex-associated alterations in hypothalamic mitochondrial bioenergetics and inflammatory-associated signaling in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Sex-specific hypothalamic neuropathology and glucose metabolism in an amyloidosis transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Cell & bioscience · 2024Article
- Effects of Menopause and High Fat Diet on Metabolic Outcomes in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Minding the Gap: Exploring Neuroinflammatory and Microglial Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is notably associated with cognitive decline resulting from impaired function of hippocampal and cortical areas; however, several other domains and corresponding brain regions are affected. One such brain region is the hypothalamus, shown to atrophy and develop amyloid and tau pathology in AD patients. The hypothalamus controls several functions necessary for survival, including energy and glucose homeostasis. Changes in appetite and body weight are common in AD, often seen several years prior to the onset of cognitive symptoms. Therefore, altered metabolic processes may serve as a biomarker for AD, as well as a target for treatment, considering they are likely both a result of pathological changes and contributor to disease progression. Previously, we reported sexually dimorphic metabolic disturbances in ~ 7-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, accompanied by differences in systemic and hypothalamic inflammation.
methodsIn the current study, we investigated metabolic outcomes and hypothalamic inflammation in 3xTg-AD males and females at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age to determine when these sex differences emerge.
resultsIn agreement with our previous study, AD males displayed less weight gain and adiposity, as well as reduced blood glucose levels following a glucose challenge, compared to females. These trends were apparent by 6-9 months of age, coinciding with increased expression of inflammatory markers (Iba1, GFAP, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in the hypothalamus of AD males.
conclusionsThese findings provide additional evidence for sex-dependent effects of AD pathology on energy and glucose homeostasis, which may be linked to hypothalamic inflammation.
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