ArticleScientific reports2023
Global disease burden attributed to unsafe sex in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global burden of disease attributable to unsafe sex among adults aged 60 years and older, 1990-2023: a secondary analysis of the global burden of disease study 2023.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Disparities in the global cancer burden attributable to modifiable risk factors: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Burden, Regional Trends and Risk Factors of Breast, Cervical, Uterine, and Ovarian Cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-2023: The Global Burden of Disease 2023.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Global, regional and national burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.International health · 2026Article
- Disease burden of HIV and its behavioral risks among adults aged 20-54 years in China and the Western Pacific Region from 1990 to 2021: an analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The global disease burden attributable to unsafe sex among women from 1990 to 2021 with forecasts to 2035: a systematic analysis based on the global burden of disease 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Multiple sexual partnership (MSP) and its distribution, determinants, gender differences, socio-economic inequalities and regional patterns: a nested multilevel regression analysis of a nationally representative survey among Indian youth (15-24 years).Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- National and sub-national HIV/AIDS epidemiology, socioeconomic influences, and risk factors in Iran from 1990 to 2021, global burden of disease 2021 study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- HPV vaccination, screening disparities, and the shifting landscape of cervical cancer burden: a global analysis of trends, inequalities, and policy implications.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Trends in the incidence of common sexually transmitted infections at the global, regional and national levels, 1990-2021: results of the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- The global burden of polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer from 1990 to 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Cervical cancer burden and attributable risk factors across different age and regions from 1990 to 2021 and future burden prediction: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis disease burden in China: a spatio-temporal clustering and prediction study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Unsafe sex has become a public safety problem that endangers society, and research on deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) related to unsafe sex is valuable for global policy-making. We aimed to estimate the deaths and DALYs attributable to unsafe sex by country, gender, age group, and sociodemographic status from 1990 to 2019. We extracted data on disease burden from the Global Disease Burden 2019 (GBD 2019) database for unsafe sex, including deaths, DALYs and age-standardized rates (ASRs). Comparative analyses were performed on data about deaths, DALYs and the responding ASRs attributable to unsafe sex in different countries and regions using the Social Demographic Index (SDI). The global age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) attributable to unsafe sex were 11.98 (95% uncertainty intervals (UI): 10.97-13.52) per 100,000 people and 570.78 (95% UI: 510.24-658.10) per 100,000 people, respectively. Both the ASMRs and ASDRs were the highest in southern sub-Saharan Africa and lowest in Australasia and decreased with increasing SDI levels. About unsafe-sex-related disease, HIV/AIDS has the highest ASMR [8.48 (95% UI: 7.62-9.95)/100,000 people] and ASDR [447.44 (95% UI: 394.82-533.10)/100,000 people], followed by Cervical cancer [ASMR: 3.40 (95% UI: 2.90-3.81)/100,000 people and ASDR: 107.2 (95% UI: 90.52-119.43)/100,000 people] and sexually transmitted infections excluding HIV [ASMR: 0.10 (95% UI: 0.08-0.11)/100,000 people and ASDR: 16.14 (95% UI: 10.51-25.83)/100,000 people]. The death and DALY burden caused by these three diseases were more serious in the over 75 years old age group. The 40-44 age group for men and the 35-39 age group for women had the highest population of unsafe sex-related deaths and DALYs, respectively. In addition, the burden of unsafe sex in women was more serious than those in men. Unsafe sex is an important risk factor for global disease burden and a leading cause of substantial health loss. We found that the risk of ASMRs and ASDRs attributable to unsafe sex had negative correlation with SDI levels. These results demonstrate that the need for revised policies that focus on efforts to reduce overall unsafe sex worldwide.
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