ArticleNeurology2023
Cumulative Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
Article in Neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hewei Jiangni recipe improved the quality of life in patients with cold-heat mixed nonerosive reflux disease: a randomized, double-blinded study.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025Trial
- Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy Is Common Among Older Adults: An 8-Year Finnish Nationwide Register Study.Drugs & aging · 2026Article
- Sustained proton-pump inhibitor exposure and incident age-related macular degeneration: a new-user, population-based cohort study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia in a population-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Beers Criteria Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use and Associated Factors among Three US Studies.Drugs & aging · 2026Article
- Long-term proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia: a focused review on pantoprazole.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Is Work-Related Hearing Loss Associated With Dementia? Evidence From a High-Risk Population.American journal of industrial medicine · 2025Article
- Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Kidney Disease, Dementia, and Fractures: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Longitudinal associations between medication use and phenotypic aging: insights from the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Observational
- Multidimensional Assessment of Psychiatric Adverse Events Related to Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Real-World, Pharmacovigilance Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Drug-Induced Cognitive Impairment.Drug safety · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of Luteolin Against Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- The microbiota-gut-brain axis and central nervous system diseases: from mechanisms of pathogenesis to therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- PPI in preventing gastrointestinal injury in minor ischemic stroke or TIA patients at low risk of gastrointestinal bleeding treated with short-term dual antiplatelet therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The impact of proton pump inhibitors on brain health based on cross-sectional findings from the Rhineland Study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Author Response: Cumulative Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Neurology · 2024Article
- Proton pump inhibitor use is associated with increased liver steatosis.Biomedical reports · 2024Article
- Corrections to Received Date Information.Neurology · 2024Article
- Selection of lansoprazole from an FDA-approved drug library to inhibit the Alzheimer's disease seed-dependent formation of tau aggregates.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Cognitive Safety is Largely Ignored in Clinical Drug Trials: A Study of Registered Study Protocols.Drug safety · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesStudies on the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and dementia report mixed results and do not examine the impact of cumulative PPI use. We evaluated the associations between current and cumulative PPI use and risk of incident dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
methodsThese analyses used participants from a community-based cohort (ARIC) from the time of enrollment (1987-1989) through 2017. PPI use was assessed through visual medication inventory at clinic visits 1 (1987-1989) to 5 (2011-2013) and reported annually in study phone calls (2006-2011). This study uses ARIC visit 5 as baseline because this was the first visit in which PPI use was common. PPI use was examined 2 ways: current use at visit 5 and duration of use before visit 5 (from visit 1 to 2011, exposure categories: 0 day, 1 day-2.8 years, 2.8-4.4 years, >4.4 years). The outcome was incident dementia after visit 5. Cox proportional hazard models were used, adjusted for demographics, comorbid conditions, and other medication use.
resultsA total of 5,712 dementia-free participants at visit 5 (mean age 75.4 ± 5.1 years; 22% Black race; 58% female) were included in our analysis. The median follow-up was 5.5 years. The minimum cumulative PPI use was 112 days, and the maximum use was 20.3 years. There were 585 cases of incident dementia identified during follow-up. Participants using PPIs at visit 5 were not at a significantly higher risk of developing dementia during subsequent follow-up than those not using PPIs (hazard ratio (HR): 1.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-1.3]). Those who used PPIs for >4.4 cumulative years before visit 5 were at 33% higher risk of developing dementia during follow-up (HR: 1.3 [95% CI 1.0-1.8]) than those reporting no use. Associations were not significant for lesser durations of PPI use. DISCUSSION: Future studies are needed to understand possible pathways between cumulative PPI use and the development of dementia. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III evidence that the use of prescribed PPIs for >4.4 years by individuals aged 45 years and older is associated with a higher incidence of newly diagnosed dementia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.