Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37556541›Full record

ArticleScience advances2023

Genetically targeted chemical assembly of polymers specifically localized extracellularly to surface membranes of living neurons.

Anqi Zhang, Kang Yong Loh, Chandan S Kadur, Lukas Michalek, Jiayi Dou, Charu Ramakrishnan, Zhenan Bao, Karl Deisseroth

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

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  8. Acoustic printing of conductive polymers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  11. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Anqi ZhangDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6121-8095
Kang Yong LohDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Chandan S KadurDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6437-4437
Lukas MichalekDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2257-5038
Jiayi DouDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0904-6393
Charu RamakrishnanCNC Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3474-6332
Zhenan BaoDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0972-1715
Karl DeisserothDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9440-3967

Funding

Stanford Chem-H Chemistry/Biology Interface Predoctoral Training ProgramT32GM120007 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BERTOZZI, CAROLYN · 2016 to 2020
$1.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM120007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multicellular biological systems, particularly living neural networks, exhibit highly complex organization properties that pose difficulties for building cell-specific biocompatible interfaces. We previously developed an approach to genetically program cells to assemble structures that modify electrical properties of neurons in situ, opening up the possibility of building minimally invasive cell-specific structures and interfaces. However, the efficiency and biocompatibility of this approach were challenged by limited membrane targeting of the constructed materials. Here, we design a method for highly localized expression of enzymes targeted to the plasma membrane of primary neurons, with minimal intracellular retention. Next, we show that polymers synthesized in situ by this approach form dense extracellular clusters selectively on the targeted cell membrane and that neurons remain viable after polymerization. Last, we show generalizability of this method across a range of design strategies. This platform can be readily extended to incorporate a broad diversity of materials onto specific cell membranes within tissues and may further enable next-generation biological interfaces.

Indexed as

NeuronsPolymersBiocompatible MaterialsCell MembraneBiocompatible MaterialsPolymers

Identifiers

PMID37556541
PMCPMC10411876

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.