ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in the context of Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protocol for spatially restricted CreERT2-mediated recombination in mouse brain-infiltrating B cells using intracerebral 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- From genes to environment: A life-course approach to prevent pediatric autoimmune diseases.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Genetic modification of obesity-associated disability progression in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Interaction between smoking andMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Smoking, Comorbidities, and Low Sun Exposure Are Associated with Clinical and Radiological Outcomes in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis-A Four-Year Observational Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review on Prevention and the Concept of an Infection-Driven Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Dental-amalgam exposure and the risk and progression of multiple sclerosis.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus, Lower Vitamin D, Low Sun Exposure, and HLA-DRB1*1501 Risk Variant Share Common Epigenetic Pathways Leading to Multiple Sclerosis Onset.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Multiple sclerosis and the limits of classical autoimmune theory.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Multiple sclerosis pathophysiology: a comprehensive review of genetic, environmental, and immunological drivers.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Link Between IL-6 rs1800795 G > C SNP and the Severity of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Multiple Sclerosis: Potential Impact on Cognitive Impairment.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Incorporating meningeal immunity into vaccine development.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Epstein-Barr virus infection and vitamin D deficiency are both "causal" for multiple sclerosis (MS) - could the common denominator be their effects on hepcidin levels?Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- A narrative review of genetic and environmental factors and risk for multiple sclerosis. The design of the Italian multicentric PEDIGREE study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Disruption of circadian rhythms and behavior in Drosophila melanogaster induced by Epstein-Barr virus: insights into viral infections and host physiology.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2025Article
- Lifestyle factors associated with benign multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Early-life and adult body mass index in relation to MS disability progression.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Embodiment of structural racism and multiple sclerosis risk and outcomes in the USA.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- An Updated and Comprehensive Review Exploring the Gut-Brain Axis in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Neurotraumas: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies.Brain sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates that Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection is a prerequisite for multiple sclerosis (MS). The disease may arise from a complex interplay between latent EBV infection, genetic predisposition, and various environmental and lifestyle factors that negatively affect immune control of the infection. Evidence of gene-environment interactions and epigenetic modifications triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals supports this view. This review gives a short introduction to EBV and host immunity and discusses evidence indicating EBV as a prerequisite for MS. The role of genetic and environmental risk factors, and their interactions, in MS pathogenesis is reviewed and put in the context of EBV infection. Finally, possible preventive measures are discussed based on the findings presented.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.