ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2023
Increased intraocular inflammation in retinal vein occlusion is independent of circulating immune mediators and is involved in retinal oedema.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Does retinal vascular occlusion increase the risk of dementia? A pioneering systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Retinal glial cells in glaucoma and age-related retinal diseases: Inflammatory responses, disease transitions, and translational perspectives.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Correlation between aqueous humour cytokine and imaging biomarker in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion-Macular Edema.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Involvement of Oxidative Stress-Related Inflammatory Mediators in the Pathogenesis and Treatment Response of Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative peripheral inflammatory biomarker profiles in central and branch retinal artery occlusion: a retrospective study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Hyperactive PDGFRβ signaling induces cataractogenesis via TGFβ and STAT5-IGF1.Developmental biology · 2025Article
- Causal Associations of Smoking, Alcohol, Obesity, Sedentary Behavior, Hypertension, and Hyperglycemia With Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Current genomics · 2025Article
- Intraocular complement activation is independent of systemic complement activation and is related to macular vascular remodelling in retinal vein occlusion.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant Switch after Anti-VEGF Treatment in Patients Affected by Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- New Therapeutic Strategies in Retinal Vascular Diseases: A Lipid Target, Phosphatidylserine, and Annexin A5-A Future Theranostic Pairing in Ophthalmology.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We aim to understand the link between systemic and intraocular levels of inflammatory mediators in treatment-naïve retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients, and the relationship between inflammatory mediators and retinal pathologies. Twenty inflammatory mediators were measured in this study, including IL-17E, Flt-3 L, IL-3, IL-8, IL-33, MIP-3β, MIP-1α, GRO β, PD-L1, CD40L, IFN-β, G-CSF, Granzyme B, TRAIL, EGF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, TGF-α, VEGF, and FGFβ. RVO patients had significantly higher levels of Flt-3 L, IL-8, MIP-3β, GROβ, and VEGF, but lower levels of EGF in the aqueous humor than cataract controls. The levels of Flt-3 L, IL-3, IL-33, MIP-1α, PD-L1, CD40 L, G-CSF, TRAIL, PDGF-AB/BB, TGF-α, and VEGF were significantly higher in CRVO than in BRVO. KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that these mediators affected the PI3K-Akt, Ras, MAPK, and Jak/STAT signaling pathways. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis showed that VEGF is the upstream cytokine that influences IL-8, G-CSF, and IL-33 in RVO. In the plasma, the level of GROβ was lower in RVO than in controls and no alterations were observed in other mediators. Retinal thickness [including central retinal thickness (CRT) and inner limiting membrane to inner plexiform layer (ILM-IPL)] positively correlated with the intraocular levels of Flt-3 L, IL-33, GROβ, PD-L1, G-CSF, and TGF-α. The size of the foveal avascular zone positively correlated with systemic factors, including the plasma levels of IL-17E, IL-33, INF-β, GROβ, Granzyme B, and FGFβ and circulating high/low-density lipids and total cholesterols. Our results suggest that intraocular inflammation in RVO is driven primarily by local factors but not circulating immune mediators. Intraocular inflammation may promote macular oedema through the PI3K-Akt, Ras, MAPK, and Jak/STAT signaling pathways in RVO. Systemic factors, including cytokines and lipid levels may be involved in retinal microvascular remodeling.
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