SynthesisBMC medicine2023
Appraising the causal relationship between plasma caffeine levels and neuropsychiatric disorders through Mendelian randomization.
Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the genetic estimates of the association between plasma caffeine and cancer risk through Mendelian randomization.European journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Cross-ancestry genome-wide association study and systems-level integrative analyses implicate new risk genes and therapeutic targets for depression.Nature human behaviour · 2025Pooled it
- Utilising genomic association data for causal inference in anorexia nervosa.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Review
- Caffeine intake is inversely associated with osteoporosis risk based on cross-sectional and genetic evidence.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Threshold effects between caffeine intake and urine flow rate: a population-based cross-sectional study.International urology and nephrology · 2024Article
- Caffeine intake is nonlinearly associated with muscle mass in young and middle-aged US adults.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Incorporating biological and clinical insights into variant choice for Mendelian randomisation: examples and principles.eGastroenterology · 2024Article
- Associations between dietary habits and bipolar disorder: a diet-wide mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCaffeine exposure modifies the turnover of monoamine neurotransmitters, which play a role in several neuropsychiatric disorders. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to investigate whether higher plasma caffeine levels are causally associated with the risk of anorexia nervosa, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia.
methodsSummary-level data on the neuropsychiatric disorders were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of European ancestry participants (n = 72,517 to 807,553) and meta-analyzed with the corresponding data from the FinnGen study (n = 356,077). Summary-level data on plasma caffeine were extracted from a GWAS meta-analysis of 9876 European ancestry individuals. The Mendelian randomization analyses estimated the Wald ratio for each genetic variant and meta-analyzed the variant-specific estimates using multiplicative random effects meta-analysis.
resultsAfter correcting for multiple testing, genetically predicted higher plasma caffeine levels were associated with higher odds of anorexia nervosa (odds ratio [OR] = 1.124; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.024-1.238, p
conclusionsThese Mendelian randomization findings indicate that long-term higher plasma caffeine levels may lower the risk of bipolar disorder and MDD but increase the risk of anorexia nervosa. These results warrant further research to explore whether caffeine consumption, supplementation, or abstinence could render clinically relevant therapeutic or preventative psychiatric effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.