ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2023
Post-COVID-19 illness and associations with sex and gender.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-specific patterns of symptom burden, psychological distress, and work productivity impairment in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: a 10-month dynamic cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of Probiotics and Their Postbiotic Metabolites in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Emerging risk factors for heart failure in younger populations: A growing public health concern.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- Sex differences in airway disease: estrogen and airway surface liquid dynamics.Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
- The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Post-COVID-19 Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2024Review
- Neurocognitive Changes in Patients with Post-COVID Depression.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Establishment and characterization of an hFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPost-COVID-19 syndromes have associated with female sex, but the pathophysiological basis is uncertain.
aimThere are sex differences in myocardial inflammation identified using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in post-COVID-19 patients, and in patient reported health outcomes following COVID-19 infection.
designThis prospective study investigated the time-course of multiorgan injury in survivors of COVID-19 during convalescence.
methodsClinical information, blood biomarkers, and patient reported outcome measures were prospectively acquired at enrolment (visit 1) and 28-60 days post-discharge (visit 2). Chest computed tomography (CT) and CMR were performed at visit 2. Follow-up was carried out for serious adverse events, including death and rehospitalization.
resultsSixty-nine (43%) of 159 patients recruited were female. During the index admission, females had a lower peak C-reactive protein (74 mg/l (21,163) versus 123 mg/l (70, 192) p = 0.008) and peak ferritin (229 μg/l (103, 551) versus 514 μg/l (228, 1122) p < 0.001). Using the Modified Lake-Louise criteria, females were more likely to have definite evidence of myocardial inflammation (54% (37/68) versus 33% (30/90) p = 0.003). At enrolment and 28-60 days post-discharge, enhanced illness perception, higher levels of anxiety and depression and lower predicted maximal oxygen utilization occurred more commonly in women. The mean (SD, range) duration of follow-up after hospital discharge was 450 (88) days (range 290, 627 days). Compared to men, women had lower rates of cardiovascular hospitalization (0% versus 8% (7/90); p = 0.018).
conclusionsWomen demonstrated worse patient reported outcome measures at index admission and 28-60 days follow-up though cardiovascular hospitalization was lower.
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