Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37552397›Full record

ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2023

Impact of the Drug Loading Method on the Drug Distribution and Biological Efficacy of Exosomes.

Dulla Naveen Kumar, Aiswarya Chaudhuri, Dinesh Kumar, Sanjay Singh, Ashish Kumar Agrawal

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Current trends in exosomes as therapeutic drug delivery systems.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dulla Naveen KumarDepartment of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Aiswarya ChaudhuriDepartment of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Dinesh KumarDepartment of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Sanjay SinghDepartment of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ashish Kumar AgrawalDepartment of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. ashish.phe@itbhu.ac.in.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7302-3647
Banaras Hindu University · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exosomes are biological nanovesicles that are intrinsically loaded with thousands of biomacromolecules and are principally responsible for cell-to-cell communication. Inspired by the natural payload, they have been extensively investigated as drug delivery vehicles; however, the drug distribution, whether into or onto exosomes, is still debatable. In the present work, we have tried to investigate it systemically by selecting 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (hydrophilic) and paclitaxel (PAC) (hydrophobic), drugs with very different physicochemical characteristics, for the loading to the exosomes. Exosomes were obtained from bovine milk, and the drugs were loaded using three different methods: incubation, sonication, and triton x-100. The particle size was found to be approximately 100 nm in all the cases; however, the highest drug loading was found in the sonication method. Fluorescence spectrophotometer, EDX analysis, EDX mapping, XPS, and XRD analysis indicated the possible presence of more drugs over the surface in the case of the incubation method. Drugs loaded by the sonication method had more controlled release than simple incubation and triton x-100. The method of drug loading had an insignificant effect on the cytotoxicity while in line with our previous observation, the combination (PAC and 5-FU) exhibited synergism as evidenced by ROS assay, colony formation assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential assay.

Indexed as

ExosomesCell Line, TumorDrug Delivery SystemsFluorouracilOctoxynolPaclitaxelPharmaceutical PreparationsFluorouracilOctoxynolPaclitaxelPharmaceutical Preparations5-fluorouracilanticancer effectdrug distributionexosomes; paclitaxelsynergism

Identifiers

PMID37552397
OpenAlexW4385663554

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.