ArticleEndocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)2023
Beyond Acute COVID-19: Investigating the Incidence of Subacute Thyroiditis in Long COVID-19 in Korea.
Article in Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Thyroid Complications Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- COVID-19 pandemic and thyroid diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Subacute thyroiditis in pregnancy: a narrative review.Thyroid research · 2025Review
- Subacute Thyroiditis Following COVID-19: A Case of Diagnostic Challenge in the Absence of Neck Pain.Cureus · 2024Article
- Occult endocrine disorders newly diagnosed in patients with post-COVID-19 symptoms.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Subacute Thyroiditis in the Time of COVID-19.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgruoundThe correlation between acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and subacute thyroiditis (SAT) has not been clearly investigated in "long COVID" patients. We aimed to investigate the incidence of SAT during convalescence and after the acute phase of COVID-19, comparing with that of the general population.
methodsData from a total of 422,779 COVID-19 patients and a control group of 2,113,895 individuals were analyzed. The index date was defined as the date 3 months after confirmation of COVID-19. The incidence rate (IR) of SAT and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated per 100,000 persons. Subgroup analysis included analysis of HRs 90-179 and 180 days post-COVID-19 diagnosis; and additional analysis was conducted according to hospitalization status, sex, and age group.
resultsThe IR of SAT was 17.28 per 100,000 persons (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.56 to 23.20) in the COVID-19 group and 8.63 (95% CI, 6.37 to 11.45) in the control group. The HR of COVID-19 patients was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.01 to 3.06; P=0.045). The HR of SAT was 1.39 (95% CI, 0.82 to 2.34; P=0.220) up to 6 months after the index date and 2.30 (95% CI, 1.60 to 3.30; P<0.001) beyond 6 months. The HR for SAT among COVID-19 patients was 2.00 (95% CI, 1.41 to 2.83) in hospitalized patients and 1.76 (95% CI, 1.01 to 3.06) in non-hospitalized patients compared to the control group. The IR of SAT was 27.09 (95% CI, 20.04 to 35.82) for females and 6.47 (95% CI, 3.34 to 11.30) for males. In the 19 to 64 age group, the IR of SAT was 18.19 (95% CI, 13.70 to 23.67), while the IR was 9.18 (95% CI, 7.72 to 10.84) in the 65 to 69 age group.
conclusionSAT could be a potential long-term complication of COVID-19. Long-term surveillance for thyroid dysfunction is needed especially in hospitalized, female and young-aged subjects.
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