ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2023
Weight-adjusted waist as an integrated index for fat, muscle and bone health in adults.
Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obesity-Related Anthropometric Indicators and Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Validity of non-traditional measures of obesity compared to total body fat across the life course: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Associations and predictive value of weight-adjusted waist index for cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: evidence from the ACCORD study.Nutrition journal · 2025Trial
- Association and predictive value of the triglyceride glucose-weight adjusted waist index for cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Comparative Prognostic Performance of Nutritional, Immuneinflammatory, and Anthropometric Indices for Cardiovascular and All-cause Mortality in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease (NHANES 2009-2018).Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2026Article
- Association of emerging anthropometric ratios with arterial stiffness risk measured by pulse wave velocity: insights from a middle-eastern population.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of the waist-to-weight index with low back pain: a mediation analysis involving accelerated biological ageing.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Predictive value of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index-obesity-derived index for stroke: a cohort study.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Anthropometric Indicators and Immune Fitness: An Exploratory Online Survey Among Adults from Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Association Between Ketogenic Diet and Overactive Bladder: The Mediating Roles of Dietary Inflammatory Index and Weight-Adjusted Waist Index.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Change of frailty index and anthropometric indices in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- The weight-adjusted waist index predicts sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in a nationwide multicenter prospective study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association Between Workday Sleep Deprivation, Weekend Catch-Up Sleep, and Abdominal Adiposity Indicators: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Brazilian Female Fixed-Shift Workers.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Optimizing prescription of resistance training for body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2026Review
- Correlation between two novel visceral fat indicators and all-cause mortality among patients with asthma.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Association between weight-adjusted waist index and risk of mortality and disease progression in participants with chronic kidney disease: a prospective study from the UK Biobank.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of Weight-Adjusted Waist Index With Hypertension Plus Hyperuricemia Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- Atherogenic, cardiometabolic, and adiposity composite indices for identifying prehypertension and hypertension: conventional regression and explainable machine learning.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Weight-adjusted waist index outperforms other obesity indices for cardiovascular disease prediction in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: insights from UK biobank.BMC public health · 2025Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnhealthy body composition, including high fat mass, low muscle mass and low bone mass, is a critical health issue in adults. The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) estimates fat and muscle mass and may have implications for bone health. We examined its association with body composition outcomes in a large Korean adult cohort.
methodsThis study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011). WWI was calculated as waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of body weight (kg). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD), appendicular lean mass (ALM) and total body fat percentage. Unhealthy body composition was defined as combined presence of high fat mass, low bone mass and low muscle mass.
resultsA total of 5983 individuals (3034 men [50.7%] and 2949 women [49.3%]; mean age: 63.5 ± 8.7 years) were included. WWI was positively correlated with total body fat percentage (r = 0.478, P < 0.001) and inversely with ALM/weight (r = -0.485, P < 0.001) and BMD at the lumbar spine (r = -0.187, P < 0.001), femoral neck (r = -0.269, P < 0.001) and total hip (r = -0.255, P < 0.001). Higher WWI quartiles correlated with lower BMD, T-scores and ALM/weight, along with increased total body fat, evident in both genders and more pronounced in women, even after adjusting for confounders. This trend remained statistically significant across WWI quartiles for all analyses (P < 0.001). Higher WWI quartiles were also significantly associated with higher odds of unhealthy body composition, with adjusted odds ratio in the highest WWI group of 18.08 (95% CI, 4.32-75.61) in men and 6.36 (95% CI, 3.65-11.07) in women. The optimal cutoff values of WWI for unhealthy body composition were 10.4 cm/√kg in men and 10.5 cm/√kg in women.
conclusionsIn community-dwelling adults, high WWI values are associated with unfavourable body composition outcomes, indicating high fat mass, low muscle mass and low bone mass. WWI can potentially serve as an integrated index of body composition, underscoring the need for further research to validate its use in clinical settings.
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