ArticleParasites & vectors2023
The potential for zoonotic malaria transmission in five areas of Indonesia inhabited by non-human primates.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zoonotic pathogens in wild Asian primates: a systematic review highlighting research gaps.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- Larval habitat preferences of Anopheles dirus and Anopheles maculatus in North Sumatra, Indonesia.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- G6PD variants but not Filipino beta-thalassemia are associated with reduced risk of Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Sabah, Malaysia.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- First molecular confirmations of Anopheles dirus and Anopheles scanloni in Indonesia, with DNA of zoonotic, enzootic and human malarias detected in An. dirus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Submicroscopic Burden of Zoonotic Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria on Mursala Island and Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Transmission in Mainland North Sumatra, Indonesia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Molecular Investigation ofVeterinary medicine international · 2026Article
- Plasmodium knowlesi and global changes: socio-ecological drivers and challenges.Malaria journal · 2025Review
- First molecular evidence ofVeterinary world · 2025Article
- The mitochondrial genome sequence of the Bornean orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus) malaria parasite, Plasmodium pitheci.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a multiplex PCR assay with melt curve analysis for detecting simian Plasmodium in wild Macaca fascicularis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular and Microscopic Challenges in DetectingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of a transfluthrin emanator and insecticide-treated barrier screen in reducing Anopheles biting in a temporary shelter in Sumatra, Indonesia.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Serology reveals comparable patterns in the transmission intensities ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIndonesia is home to many species of non-human primates (NHPs). Deforestation, which is still ongoing in Indonesia, has substantially reduced the habitat of NHPs in the republic. This has led to an intensification of interactions between NHPs and humans, which opens up the possibility of pathogen spillover. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of malarial parasite infections in NHPs in five provinces of Indonesia in 2022. Species of the genus Anopheles that can potentially transmit malarial pathogens to humans were also investigated.
methodsAn epidemiological survey was conducted by capturing NHPs in traps installed in several localities in the five provinces, including in the surroundings of a wildlife sanctuary. Blood samples were drawn aseptically after the NHPs had been anesthetized; the animals were released after examination. Blood smears were prepared on glass slides, and dried blood spot tests on filter paper. Infections with Plasmodium spp. were determined morphologically from the blood smears, which were stained with Giemsa solution, and molecularly through polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing using rplU oligonucleotides. The NHPs were identified to species level by using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and the internal transcribed spacer 2 gene as barcoding DNA markers. Mosquito surveillance included the collection of larvae from breeding sites and that of adults through the human landing catch (HLC) method together with light traps.
resultsAnalysis of the DNA extracted from the dried blood spot tests of the 110 captured NHPs revealed that 50% were positive for Plasmodium, namely Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium coatneyi, Plasmodium inui, Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium sp. Prevalence determined by microscopic examination of the blood smears was 42%. Species of the primate genus Macaca and family Hylobatidae were identified by molecular analysis. The most common mosquito breeding sites were ditches, puddles and natural ponds. Some of the Anopheles letifer captured through HLC carried sporozoites of malaria parasites that can cause the disease in primates.
conclusionsThe prevalence of malaria in the NHPs was high. Anopheles letifer, a potential vector of zoonotic malaria, was identified following its collection in Central Kalimantan by the HLC method. In sum, the potential for the transmission of zoonotic malaria in several regions of Indonesia is immense.
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