ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
Silk-protein-based gradient hydrogels with multimode reprogrammable shape changes for biointegrated devices.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering Hydrogels for Intrauterine Adhesion Therapy and Endometrial Regeneration.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A biodegradable piezoelectric vertebral implant for programmable electro-neuromodulation in spinal cord injury.Science advances · 2026Article
- Reprogrammable 4D tissue engineering hydrogel scaffold via reversible ion printing.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Dynamic Silk Fibroin Hydrogels for Programmable Bioactuation and Smart Shape Deformation: Mechanisms, Performance Evaluation, and Biomedical Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Engineering Silk Fibroin-Based Biomaterials for Neural Repair.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Biodegradable MgBioactive materials · 2026Article
- All-in-one optically interactive soft robots with embedded liquid crystal holography.Light, science & applications · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-activated piezoelectric Silk-PVDF hydrogel reprograms the osteoimmune microenvironment via NRF2 signaling for accelerated bone regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Functionally Graded Surfaces and Materials: From Fabrication to Biomedical Applications.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- A technique to create hydrogels with tethered concentration gradients of moleculesSoft matter · 2026Article
- Adaptive hydrogel loaded with pre-coordinated stem cells for enhanced osteoarthritis therapy.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Recent Progress of Biomaterial-Based Hydrogels for Wearable and Implantable Bioelectronics.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Living plastics from plasticizer-assisted thermal molding of silk protein.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Engineered Protein Hydrogels as Biomimetic Cellular Scaffolds.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Review
- Polymeric silk fibroin hydrogel as a conductive and multifunctional adhesive for durable skin and epidermal electronics.Smart medicine · 2024Article
- A mechanically robust and facile shape morphing using tensile-induced buckling.Science advances · 2024Article
- Shape Memory Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biocompatible and morphable hydrogels capable of multimode reprogrammable, and adaptive shape changes are potentially useful for diverse biomedical applications. However, existing morphable systems often rely on complicated structural designs involving cumbersome and energy-intensive fabrication processes. Here, we report a simple electric-field-activated protein network migration strategy to reversibly program silk-protein hydrogels with controllable and reprogrammable complex shape transformations. The application of a low electric field enables the convergence of net negatively charged protein cross-linking networks toward the anode (isoelectric point plane) due to the pH gradient generated in the process, facilitating the formation of a gradient network structure and systems suitable for three-dimensional shape change. These tunable protein networks can be reprogrammed or permanently fixed by control of the polymorphic transitions. We show that these morphing hydrogels are capable of conformally interfacing with biological tissues by programming the shape changes and a bimorph structure consisting of aligned carbon nanotube multilayers and the silk hydrogels was assembled to illustrate utility as an implantable bioelectronic device for localized low-voltage electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve in a rabbit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.