SynthesisPloS one2023
The friendships of children and youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Friendship interventions for children with neurodevelopmental needs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- When Development Falls out of Sync: A Developmental Timing Framework for Learning Disabilities.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Friendship Quality in Children With ADHD Seeking Treatment for Peer Problems: A Comparison of Boy-Boy, Girl-Girl, and Mixed-Gender Dyads.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Peer Problems and Prosocial Behavior Among Icelandic Children and Adolescents with ADHD and/or Autism: Gender and Age Differences.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- "It has tentacles into every single aspect of me" a qualitative evidence synthesis of the lived experiences and perceptions of ADHD youth.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- Examination of Peer Interactions During Cooperative and Competitive Board Games Among Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on and off Methylphenidate.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Adolescents' Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Greek Secondary Schools.Pediatric reports · 2026Article
- "They are just as different as the rest of us" - a focus group study of primary teachers' perceptions of children with ADHD who struggle socially.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025Article
- Developmental relations between ADHD and self-esteem: evaluating peer problems as a mediating mechanism.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Role of Pharmacotherapy in Social Cognition, Empathy, and Serum Oxytocin Levels in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Loneliness from the Perspective of Young People with Autism and/or ADHD: A Thematic Analysis of Adolescents' Experiences and Understanding.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- With or without you: Understanding friendship dissolution from childhood through young adulthood.Journal of social and personal relationships · 2025Review
- Bullying in Students with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Analyzing Students' Social Status and Student-Teacher Relationship Quality.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Social Understanding and Friendships in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Dyslexia.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The mechanism of social interaction deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder children: the role of cognitive flexibility.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The influence of nutritional status, the home environment, and schooling on behavioral outcomes of hyperactivity and inattention among grade-school children in rural Nepal.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Teen Self-Report on Health Behaviors and Social-Emotional Wellbeing: United States, July 2021-December 2022.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildren with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience substantial difficulty maintaining meaningful friendships, which has implications for social functioning and mental health. No systematic review has investigated their friendship difficulties.
objectivesTo systematically review and methodologically appraise the quality of existing studies reporting on friendships of children with ADHD. To compare their friendships to typically-developing children, and examine associations between friendship and children's social-emotional wellbeing and mental health.
methodSix databases were searched. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the QualSyst appraisal tool and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. Aspects of friendships measured were charted, along with comparisons between children with ADHD and typically-developing children and the associations between friendships and social-emotional wellbeing and mental health.
resultsTwenty-three cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal follow-up study were included. Studies included 1509 participants with ADHD, with 1197 typically-developing participants used as a companion in 19 of the 24 studies. Friendship quantity was the most investigated aspect of friendship. Children and youth with ADHD had significantly fewer friends, lower quality friendships and poorer friendship interactions. There were mixed findings from studies investigating the role or impact of friendship on social-emotional wellbeing and mental health. Twenty-two had strong methodological quality.
conclusionLimited longitudinal studies, small sample sizes and variability in measurement restrict the interpretations of friendship over time and the causal impact of friendship on social and emotional outcomes. Further research should investigate the role and impact of friendships on the social-emotional wellbeing of children and youth with ADHD.
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Registered trials
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