ArticleJAMA2023
Creation and Adoption of Large Language Models in Medicine.
Article in JAMA, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06661590 (Comparative Analysis Between Artificial Intelligence vs. Human Generated Nutrition Messages for Colorectal Cancer Survivors), which is not on this map. Cited by 252 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Analysis Between Artificial Intelligence vs. Human Generated Nutrition Messages for Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Who cites it
252 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 377 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fine-Tuning, Retrieval-Augmented Generation, and Hybrid Adaptation of Language Models for Clinical Decision-Making in Health Care: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Knowledge-Practice Performance Gap in Clinical Large Language Models: Systematic Review of 39 Benchmarks.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Artificial Intelligence Performance in Image-Based Cancer Identification: Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Testing and Evaluation of Health Care Applications of Large Language Models: A Systematic Review.JAMA · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical applications of large language models in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Large language models in neurosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta neurochirurgica · 2024Pooled it
- Examining the Role of Large Language Models in Orthopedics: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Human-AI collaboration in large language model-assisted brain MRI differential diagnosis: a usability study.European radiology · 2025Trial
- AI Agents for Multimodal Oncology Diagnosis: Toward Transparent and Traceable Clinical Decision Support.JMIR cancer · 2026Review
- Generative AI Use, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Risk, and Physician Burnout and Fulfillment Among Chinese Physicians: Mixed Methods Multiregional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Evaluation of large language model responses to patient questions on oral anticoagulant therapy: a comparative expert assessment.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Concordance of Large Language Model Recommendations with Multidisciplinary Heart Team Decisions in Coronary Revascularization and Aortic Valve Intervention: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis.Cardiology and therapy · 2026Review
- Facts Do Not Organise Themselves: Whewell and the Conceptual Crisis in Medicine.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Evidence, use cases, and implementation safeguards of large language models in primary care.Communications medicine · 2026Review
- Local Deployment of Open-Weight Language Models in Dermatology: Viewpoint on Privacy, Equity, and Practical Implementation.JMIR dermatology · 2026Article
- Mapping the generative era: a bibliometric and specialty-focused analysis of large language models in healthcare.Visual computing for industry, biomedicine, and art · 2026Article
- Large language model-based extraction of rheumatoid arthritis clinical disease activity index from clinical notes.JAMIA open · 2026Article
- Small language models in medicine.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Evaluating the First CE-Marked LLM-Based Chatbot for Evidence-Based Neurology.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Article
192 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: There is increased interest in and potential benefits from using large language models (LLMs) in medicine. However, by simply wondering how the LLMs and the applications powered by them will reshape medicine instead of getting actively involved, the agency in shaping how these tools can be used in medicine is lost. Observations: Applications powered by LLMs are increasingly used to perform medical tasks without the underlying language model being trained on medical records and without verifying their purported benefit in performing those tasks. Conclusions and Relevance: The creation and use of LLMs in medicine need to be actively shaped by provisioning relevant training data, specifying the desired benefits, and evaluating the benefits via testing in real-world deployments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.