ArticleContemporary clinical dentistry
Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Neem Leaf Extract, Propolis, and Orange Oil when used as Endodontic Irrigants: An
Article in Contemporary clinical dentistry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of debris and smear layer removal efficacy of different irrigating solutions using the C-RCC irrigation system: AnJournal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial effects of Propolis, calcium Hydroxide, triple antibiotic paste, and modified triple antibiotic paste on tubular dentin inoculated with a dual-species biofilm: an ex vivo study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Dentin microhardness changes and smears layer removal following conventional versus alternative irrigation regimens in root canals.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Propolis as an Intracanal Agent in Combination with an Nd:YAG Laser for Bacterial Reduction.Journal of lasers in medical sciences · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic Effects of Synthetic and Herbal Endodontic Irrigants on Human Red Blood Cells: An In Vitro Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Effect of herbal irrigants on surface roughness of intraradicular dentin using quantitative method of 3D surface texture analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Introduction: In root canal treatment, chemical debridement of the root canal with the help of irrigants is important due to the complex internal anatomy of the teeth. Biomechanical root canal preparation produces a smear layer. It covers the dentinal tubules, which may interfere with the penetration of various irrigants and intracanal medicaments, so the smear layer has to be removed. The potential side effects and certain limitations of chemical irrigants for smear layer removal have led to a shift toward herbal alternatives. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the smear layer removal efficacy of Neem leaf extract, Propolis, and Orange oil as endodontic irrigants using the scanning electron microscope. Materials and Methods: Ninety samples were taken and then randomly (simple random sampling method) divided into three experimental groups ( Results: The collected data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Group 1 (Neem leaf extract) showed the highest smear layer removal efficacy, which was followed by Group 2 (Orange oil) and the least efficacy of smear layer removal was shown by Group 3 (Propolis) at coronal, middle, and apical levels. Conclusion: Group 1 (Neem leaf extract) performed significantly better in removing the smear layer at coronal, middle, and apical levels as compared to the other two groups.
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Registered trials
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