Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Mode of Ventilation During Critical IllnEss (MODE) trial.

Introduction: For every critically ill adult receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, clinicians must select a mode of ventilation. The mode of ventilation determines whether the ventilator directly controls the tidal volume or the inspiratory pressure. Newer hybrid modes allow clinicians to set a target tidal volume, for which the ventilator controls and adjusts the inspiratory pressure. A strategy of low tidal volumes and low plateau pressure improves outcomes, but the optimal mode to achieve these targets is not known. Methods and analysis: The Mode of Ventilation During Critical Illness (MODE) trial is a cluster-randomized, multiple-crossover pilot trial being conducted in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) at an academic center. The MODE trial compares the use of volume control, pressure control, and adaptive pressure control. The study ICU is assigned to a single ventilator mode (volume control versus pressure control versus adaptive pressure control) for continuous mandatory ventilation during each 1-month study block. The assigned mode switches every month in a randomly generated sequence. The primary outcome is ventilator-free days (VFDs) to study day 28, defined as the number of days alive and free of invasive mechanical ventilation from the final receipt of mechanical ventilation to 28 days after enrollment. Enrollment began November 1, 2022 and will end on July 31, 2023. Ethics and dissemination: The trial was approved by the Vanderbilt University Medical Center institutional review board (IRB# 220446). Results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences. Trial registration number: The trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov on October 3, 2022, prior to initiation of patient enrollment on November 1, 2022 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05563779).