ArticleCritical care explorations2023
Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in Critical Care Fellowship Programs in the United States From 2016 to 2021.
Article in Critical care explorations, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unmasking bias in artificial intelligence: sex and racial representation in critical care medicine through text-to-image generators.BJA open · 2026Article
- Perception of sex and race diversity in critical care medicine by generative AI: biases, measurement and implications.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Female first and senior authorship in high-impact critical care journals 2005-2024.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Representation of intensivists' race/ethnicity, sex, and age by artificial intelligence: a cross-sectional study of two text-to-image models.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Observational
- Accelerating Action: Roadmap for the American Thoracic Society to Address Oppression and Health Inequity in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Article
- Global Health Education in US Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Fellowships.Journal of medical education and curricular developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A diverse and inclusive critical care workforce is vital to the provision of culturally appropriate and effective care to critically ill patients of all backgrounds.
objectivesThe purpose of this study is to determine the trends in gender, race, and ethnicity of U.S. critical care fellowships over the past 6 years (2016-2021).
methodsData on gender, race, and ethnicity of critical care fellows in five Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education-accredited training programs (internal medicine, pulmonary and critical care, anesthesiology, surgery, and pediatrics) from 2015 to 2016 to 2020-2021 were obtained from the joint reports of the American Medical Association (AMA) and Association of American Medical Colleges published annually in the Journal of the AMA.
resultsFrom 2016 to 2021, the number of U.S. critical care fellows increased annually, up 23.8%, with the largest number of fellows in pulmonary critical care medicine (60.1%). The percentage of female critical care fellows slightly increased from 38.7% to 39.4% (
conclusionsThe percentage of women and racially and ethnically minoritized fellows (Black and Hispanic) remain underrepresented in critical care fellowship programs. Additional research is needed to better understand these demographic trends in our emerging critical care physician workforce and enhance diversity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.