Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2023
SARS-CoV-2 infection risk is higher in vaccinated patients with inflammatory autoimmune diseases or liver transplantation treated with mycophenolate due to an impaired antiviral immune response: results of the extended follow up of the RIVALSA prospective cohort.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Rheumatoid arthritis and COVID-19 outcomes: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.BMC rheumatology · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D: A Nutraceutical Supplement at the Crossroad Between Respiratory Infections and COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Molecular and Clinical Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Harnessing cellular immunity for next-generation vaccines against respiratory viruses: mechanisms, platforms, and optimization strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Progress and prospects of mRNA-based drugs in pre-clinical and clinical applications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Severe metabolic accumulation of VV116 in kidney transplant patients with impaired renal function: a case series report.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Bioinformatics analyses of gene expression profile to identify pathogenic mechanisms for COVID-19 infection and cutaneous lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: A relevant proportion of immunocompromised patients did not reach a detectable seroconversion after a full primary vaccination cycle against SARS-CoV-2. The effect of different immunosuppressants and the potential risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection in these subjects is largely unknown. Methods: Patients from the Rivalsa prospective, observational cohort study with planned anti SARS-CoV-2 third dose mRNA vaccination between October and December 2021 were asked to participate to this follow-up study. Patients were asked about eventual confirmed positivity to SARS-CoV-2 infection within 6 months from the third dose and to undergo a blood draw to evaluate seroconversion status after the additional vaccine shot. Results: 19 out of 114 patients taking part in the survey developed a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection; we identified mycophenolate treatment as an independent predictor of an increased risk of infection even after the third vaccine dose (OR: 5.20, 95% CI: 1.70-20.00, p=0.0053). This result is in agreement with the Conclusions: Immunocompromised patients need an additional vaccine administration to reach a detectable seroconversion, thus fostering a more personalized approach to their clinical management. Moreover, patients undergoing mycophenolate treatment show a specific increased infection risk, with respect to other immunosuppressants thus supporting a closer monitoring of their health status.
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