Trial reportPediatrics2023
Effectiveness of a School Drinking Water Promotion and Access Program for Overweight Prevention.
Trial report in Pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT03181971 (The Impact of the School Water Access on Child Food and Beverage Intake and Obesity), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Impact of the School Water Access on Child Food and Beverage Intake and Obesity
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of multi-component school food environment interventions on adiposity and food consumption in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Pooled it
- Waist circumference as a parameter in school-based interventions to prevent overweight and obesity - a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Fidelity evaluation of the Water First intervention for promoting tap water consumption in school-age children.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Water Promotion for Overweight Prevention in Schoolchildren: For Whom Does It Work Best? - Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Trial
- Water First School Water Promotion and Access Intervention: A Cost Analysis Study.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025Trial
- The impact of a water promotion and access intervention on elementary school students in the presence of food insecurity.Public health nutrition · 2024Trial
- Water Insecurity Is Associated with Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in a Small-Scale Population in Lowland Bolivia Experiencing Lifestyle Changes.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Installing Water Dispensers in Massachusetts' Schools to Improve Nutrition Environments, Health, and Health Equity.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Article
- A School-Based Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention for the Prevention of Childhood Obesity: Study Design and Baseline Findings From a Cluster-Randomized Trial.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- The Intersection of Tap Water Avoidance, Food Insecurity, and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among U.S. Children and Adolescents Aged 2-17 Years.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of Hydration in Children and Adolescents-A Theoretical Framework for Reviewing Recommendations, Models, and Empirical Studies.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Peer education program to improve fluid consumption in primary schools-lessons learned from an innovative pilot study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Water Insecurity Is a Structural, Often Invisible Barrier to Healthy Beverage Patterns and Nutritious Diets.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveDrinking water promotion and access shows promise for preventing weight gain. This study evaluated the impact of Water First, a school-based water promotion and access intervention on changes in overweight.
methodsLow-income, ethnically diverse elementary schools in California's Bay Area were cluster-randomized to intervention and control groups. Water First includes classroom lessons, water stations, and schoolwide water promotion over 1 school year. The primary outcome was overweight prevalence (BMI-for-age-and-sex ≥85th percentile). Students (n = 1249) in 56 fourth-grade classes in 18 schools (9 intervention, 9 control) from 2016 to 2019 participated in evaluation at baseline, 7, and 15 months. Data collection was interrupted in 8 additional recruited schools because of coronavirus disease 2019.
resultsOf 1262 students from 18 schools, 1249 (47.4% girls; mean [SD] age, 9.6 [0.4] years; 63.4% Hispanic) were recruited. From baseline to 7 months, there was no significant difference in changes in overweight prevalence in intervention schools (-0.2%) compared to control schools (-0.4%) (adjusted ratio of odds ratios [ORs]: 0.7 [confidence interval (CI): 0.2-2.9] P = 0.68). From baseline to 15-months, increases in overweight prevalence were significantly greater in control schools (3.7%) compared to intervention schools (0.5%). At 15 months, intervention students had a significantly lower change in overweight prevalence (adjusted ratio of ORs: 0.1 [CI: 0.03-0.7] P = .017) compared to control students. There were no intervention effects for obesity prevalence.
conclusionsWater First prevented increases in the prevalence of overweight, but not obesity, in elementary school students.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.