ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2023
Clinical scales in autoimmune encephalitis-A retrospective monocentric cohort study.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating health related quality of life and clinical measures in autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of the clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis (CASE) in a retrospective cohort and a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Structural Brain Changes Are Linked to Clinical and Cognitive Outcomes in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Observational
- Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis and Cytotoxicity in Patients With LGI1 and CASPR2 Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Development and validation of the NEOS2 score for prediction of long-term outcomes and improvement after first-line immunotherapy in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis: an international cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Article
- Management of severe acute encephalopathy in the ICU: an expert consensus statement from the french society of intensive care medicine.Annals of intensive care · 2025Review
- [Clinical Features and Functional Prognosis in Patients with Possible Autoimmune Encephalitis in a Neurological Emergency Department].Revista de neurologia · 2025Observational
- A Cost of Illness Analysis of Children with Encephalitis Presenting to a Major Hospital in Vietnam.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Observational
- Efficacy and safety of blood purification in the treatment of autoimmune encephalitis: a meta-analysis.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Cell-free DNA integrity and complement C4d as novel liquid biopsy biomarkers for paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Olanzapine vs. magnesium valproate vs. lamotrigine in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor encephalitis: a retrospective study.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- CSF Findings in Chinese Patients with NMDAR, LGI1 and GABABR Antibody-Associated Encephalitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Outcome and Sequelae of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- Validation of the clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis in a severe autoimmune encephalitis cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAssessing severity of antibody-mediated encephalitis (AE) or paraneoplastic encephalitis (PE) requires valid and reliable scores to guide treatment decisions and predict outcome both in clinical routine and studies. We aimed to validate the prognostic value of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis (CASE) and the anti-NMDAR-encephalitis one-year functional status (NEOS) score in patients suffering from AE and PE in a large monocentric cohort.
methodsWe retrospectively applied the CASE and NEOS score to patients with definite AE and PE treated at a tertiary hospital. Correlations were established between the CASE and NEOS score and the modified Rankin scale (mRs). Multivariable analyses were calculated to identify predictors of outcome.
resultsThirty-four patients (27 AE, 7 PE) were included. Correlations between mRS and CASE score were strongest in patients with AE compared to PE at all intervals, but in the subgroups (LGI1, NMDAR, GAD, miscellaneous surface antibodies, PE) the correlation was strongest in the interval after baseline. Patients with AE seemed to display better outcomes compared to PE, which was underlined by multivariable analysis. Improvement was mostly observed within 6-12 months after disease onset, after which little or no further improvement was noted with some exception for two patients with anti-NMDARE who recovered substantially even after 12 months of treatment. The NEOS score significantly predicted the outcome at last follow-up in patients with AE with a sensitivity of 79% at a cut-off value of 2 points (AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.58-0.99, p = 0.04).
interpretationThe CASE and NEOS score are suitable supplementary tools in addition to the mRS for capturing diverse symptoms, for grading and monitoring symptom severity.
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