ArticleParasites & vectors2023
From bites to barcodes: uncovering the hidden diversity of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Vietnam.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Important entomological events in the history of onchocerciasis ('river blindness').International health · 2026Review
- Population genetics of the black fly Simulium asakoae from Laos and its relationships with Southeast Asian populations.Genetica · 2026Article
- Multiplex PCR for the differentiation ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Diversity, Distribution, and Host Blood Meals of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Laos.Insects · 2025Article
- Rare Chromosomal Uniformity in Black Flies of theInsects · 2025Article
- Reliability of wing morphometrics for species identification of human-biting black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrompt and precise identification of black flies (Simuliidae) is crucial, given their biting behaviour and significant impact on human and animal health. To address the challenges presented by morphology and chromosomes in black fly taxonomy, along with the limited availability of molecular data pertaining to the black fly fauna in Vietnam, this study employed DNA-based approaches. Specifically, we used mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded genes to distinguish nominal species of black flies in Vietnam.
methodsIn this study, 135 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were established for 45 species in the genus Simulium in Vietnam, encompassing three subgenera (Gomphostilbia, Nevermannia, and Simulium), with 64 paratypes of 27 species and 16 topotypes of six species. Of these COI sequences, 71, representing 27 species, are reported for the first time.
resultsCombined with GenBank sequences of specimens from Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, a total of 234 DNA barcodes of 53 nominal species resulted in a 71% success rate for species identification. Species from the non-monophyletic Simulium asakoae, S. feuerborni, S. multistriatum, S. striatum, S. tuberosum, and S. variegatum species groups were associated with ambiguous or incorrect identifications. Pairwise distances, phylogenetics, and species delimitation analyses revealed a high level of cryptic diversity, with discovery of 15 cryptic taxa. The current study also revealed the limited utility of a fast-evolving nuclear gene, big zinc finger (BZF), in discriminating closely related, morphologically similar nominal species of the S. asakoae species group.
conclusionThis study represents the first comprehensive molecular genetic analysis of the black fly fauna in Vietnam to our knowledge, providing a foundation for future research. DNA barcoding exhibits varying levels of differentiating efficiency across species groups but is valuable in the discovery of cryptic diversity.
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