ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2024
COVID-19 Stress and Child Behavior: Examining Discrimination and Social Support in Racially Diverse ECHO Cohorts.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal urinary biomarkers of metal and metalloid exposure and child neurodevelopmental outcomes in Puerto Rico.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Article
- Prenatal exposure to environmental phenolic compounds and their association with childhood atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis in the ECHO cohort.Environment international · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the additive or moderating influences of caregiver COVID-19-related stress, social support, and discrimination on children's behavior problems across racially diverse populations.
methodIn this Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort study (N = 1,999 caregiver/child pairs), we operationalized caregiver COVID-19-related stress in 2 ways: first, as the number of stressors (eg, financial concerns, social distancing); and second, as the level of pandemic-related traumatic stress symptoms reported via questionnaires administered between April 2020 and August 2022. At the same assessment visit, caregivers also reported their current levels of discrimination, and a subsample (n = 968) reported their emotional and instrumental support. Either concurrently or at a later assessment visit, caregivers reported on their children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems using the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18).
resultsMultivariable analyses controlling for maternal education, marital status, child age, and child sex revealed that COVID-19-related stress (caregiver stressors and symptoms) and discrimination were positively associated, and that perceived support was negatively associated with child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Unexpectedly, neither emotional nor instrumental support attenuated the relationship between caregiver COVID-19-related stressors nor traumatic stress symptoms and child behavior problems. In the subset of Black American participants, caregiver perceived discrimination moderated the relationship between caregiver COVID-19 traumatic stress symptoms and child internalizing problems, such that the association was stronger at higher levels of discrimination.
conclusionOur findings highlight the potential importance of relieving caregiver stress and increasing caregiver social support to optimize children's behavioral outcomes.
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