SynthesisJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2023
Indicators and medical tests to identify lower limb swelling causes after total knee arthroplasty: a Delphi study with multidisciplinary experts.
Synthesis in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does Auricular Acupoint-Related Therapy Enhance Rehabilitation After Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Pain research & management · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of focused low intensity pulsed ultrasound in reducing lower-extremity swelling and pain after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized study.International orthopaedics · 2025Trial
- Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on postoperative muscle damage and inflammation following total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Factors associated with early swelling after total knee arthroplasty and poor venous return : the impact of quadriceps strength, activity and preoperative anticoagulation.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Observational
- A Nursing-Focused Quasi-Experimental Study on Compressive Cryotherapy for Postoperative Recovery in Knee Arthroscopy Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammatory-induced swelling after total knee arthroplasty: Obesity and preoperative joint pain as key predictors.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Ascorbic Acid Reduces the Blood Boss After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Insights From a Randomized Controlled Trial.Arthroplasty today · 2025Article
- A multi-phase approach for developing a conceptual model and preliminary content for patient-reported outcome measurement in TKA patients: from a Chinese perspective.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- How to monitor and discriminate the causes of lower limb swelling during home-based rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty? A delphi study.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and parameters of cryotherapy intervention for early postoperative swelling following total knee arthroplasty: A scoping review.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Review
- Factors Influencing Perioperative Occult Blood Loss in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients: A Retrospective Analysis.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLower limb swelling after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) hinders surgical effectiveness. The poor results of studies on swelling interventions are due to the lack of a classification of swelling causes through appropriate medical tests. A gold standard is missing. This study aimed to clarify the causes of TKA postoperative swelling and how to identify them through indicators and medical tests by consulting a wide range of experts from multiple disciplines.
methodThe Delphi method was used. A first draft of the index was prepared based on a systematic search of the literature. A total of 11 experts from several disciplines were invited to evaluate the rationality of the indicators and suggest modifications. After two rounds of consultation, the experts reached a consensus, and the consultation was stopped.
resultsThe response rate of the 11 experts was 100%, and the authoritative Cr was 0.896. Kendall's W values for opinion coordination of the two rounds of consultation were 0.262 and 0.226, respectively (P < 0.001). Among the final indicators, there were 4 primary indicators for swelling cause classification (inflammatory response, poor venous return, joint hematoma, muscle damage, and healing), 19 secondary and 19 tertiary indicators.
conclusionThe indications obtained by systematic literature review and multidisciplinary expert consultation are reliable and scientific. Multiple causes of lower extremity swelling after TKA were identified. Blood test indicators can reflect an inflammatory response, suggest poor venous return, and reflect muscle damage and healing progress. Ultrasound scans are needed to identify underlying thrombotic or valvular problems, joint hematomas, and muscle damage. These tests help clinicians and researchers determine the cause of swelling after TKA and take appropriate management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.