ArticleBMC oral health2023
Direct and residual antimicrobial effect of 2% chlorhexidine gel, double antibiotic paste and chitosan- chlorhexidine nanoparticles as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in primary molars: an in-vitro study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan versus sodium hypochlorite: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Oral diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of tricalcium silicate-based intracanal dressing on antibacterial-antifungal activity and postoperative pain intensity after non-surgical endodontic retreatment: randomized controlled clinical trial.Head & face medicine · 2025Trial
- Transforming Pediatric Dentistry with Chitosan Gel: Current Evidence and Emerging Trends-A Scoping Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effect of chitosan medicaments loaded with green-synthesized silver nanoparticles on basic fibroblast growth factor release from infected dentin.Odontology · 2026Article
- Assessment of transradicular diffusion of different intracanal medicaments through root dentin and cementum: AnJournal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2026Article
- Comparative antimicrobial efficacy of three intracanal medicaments in an in vitro Enterococcus faecalis root canal infection model.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- CombatingJournal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2026Article
- Article
- Comparative Analysis of Fracture Resistance in Teeth Obturated with Graphene Oxide-Modified Sealers.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Chlorhexidine-Loaded Zinc Nanoparticles: A Potent Antibacterial Agent Against Streptococcus pneumoniae.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Antibiotic Paste as an Intracanal Medicament in Infected Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Microbiological and toxicity analyses of the synthetic polymer polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride against endodontic microorganisms.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- Current Trends in Endodontic Clinical Practice in Croatia: A Report From a Croatian National Survey.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Article
- Efficacy of non -thermal pressure plasma versus other modalities for disinfection of primary root canals.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Effect of Chitosan-Based Irrigation Solutions on the Bond Strength of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate to Bulk-Fill Composite.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine gel, triphala, andJournal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2024Article
- New Insights Regarding the Use of Relevant Synthetic Compounds in Dentistry.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThorough disinfection of root canals in primary molars may be complicated by the complex root canal morphology. This in-vitro study aimed to compare direct and residual antimicrobial effect of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel, 500 mg/ml double antibiotic paste (DAP) and chitosan-chlorhexidine nanoparticles (CS-CHX NPs) as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) in primary molars.
methodsMesial roots of 63 mandibular second primary molars were infected with E. faecalis and C. albicans. Teeth were divided into 9 groups: Ia: (CS-CHX NPs), IIa: (CHX), IIIa: (DAP), IVa: chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) in which medicaments were placed for 3 days, groups Ib: (CS-CHX NPs), IIb: CHX, IIIb: (DAP), IVb: (CSNPs) in which medicaments were placed for 7 days, and Group V (control): teeth were infected, irrigated with saline, and sampled 3- and 7-days post-infection. Microbiological samples were obtained after infection, 3, and 7 days after medicament placement and 7 days after medicament removal for both time points. One-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test and paired t-test were used at p < 0.05.
resultsCS-CHX NPs had the highest anticandidal effect which was comparable to CHX and significantly higher than other medicaments (p < 0.001) at both time points. CS-CHX NPs had the highest effect against E. faecalis which was comparable to DAP and significantly higher than other medicaments (p < 0.001) at 3 days. All medicaments showed similar effect against E. faecalis after 7 days. The 7-days placement significantly increased the antimicrobial effect against both micro-organisms in all groups, except CS-CHX NPs which showed an insignificant increase. CS-CHX NPs showed the highest residual effect against both micro-organisms that increased with 7-days placement.
conclusionCSNPs and CHX combination showed a synergistic effect against both micro-organisms. CS-CHX NPs displayed a higher effect at a shorter period compared to other medicaments, yet its residual effect was higher with 7-days placement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.