ArticleBMC public health2023
Risk analysis of COVID-19 hospitalization and critical care by race and region in the United States: a cohort study.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic, Sociodemographic and Clinical Determinants of COVID-19 Severity in the Republic of Srpska: Exploring Potential Links with Neanderthal-Derived Variants.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Why have SGLT2 Inhibitors Failed to Achieve the Desired Success in COVID-19?Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to identify the current risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 severity and examine its association with medication use.
methodsWe used data from a large United States electronic health record database to conduct an anonymized cohort study of 171,491 patients with coronavirus disease 2019. The study was conducted from January 1, 2020, to August 27, 2021. Data on age, race, sex, history of diseases, and history of medication prescriptions were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model analysis to calculate hazard ratios for hospitalization and severe risk.
resultsFactors that increased the risk of hospitalization and critical care were age ≥ 65 years, male sex, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, interstitial pneumonia, and cardiovascular disease. In particular, age ≥ 65 years significantly increased the risk of hospitalization (hazard ratio, 2.81 [95% confidence interval, 2.58-3.07]; P < 0.001) and critical care (hazard ratio, 3.45 [2.88-4.14]; P < 0.001). In contrast, patients with hyperlipidemia had a reduced risk. However, patients with hyperlipidemia who were not taking statins had a significantly increased risk of hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.24 [1.16-1.34]; P < 0.001). Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, glucocorticoids, and statins significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization and critical care. The risk of hospitalization and critical care increased in patients of all ethnicities with type 2 diabetes. The factors that significantly increased the risk of hospitalization in all regions were older age, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease.
conclusionThis study identified factors that increase or reduce the risk of severe coronavirus disease. The provision of appropriate drug treatment and modification of lifestyle-related risk factors may reduce coronavirus disease severity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.