ArticleThe British journal of ophthalmology2024
Pseudomyopia as an independent risk factor for myopia onset: a prospective cohort study among school-aged children.
Article in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Axial Length to Corneal Curvature Ratio is Insufficient for Detecting Pseudomyopia in Children: A Multi-Cohort Study.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Targeted Cycloplegia in Refractive Screening of Children and Adolescents: Development and Internal Validation of a Pre-Cycloplegia Risk Prediction Model - 10 PLADs, China, 2020-2024.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Operationalizing a minimal-metric school screening pathway: using non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent as a first-stage triage metric for hyperopia-reserve insufficiency in Chinese schoolchildren.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Article
- Correlation analysis between visual factors and academic performance in Chinese children.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effects of a recess-based ocular muscle regulation training program on visual function in adolescents: a school-based controlled study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Identifying and Managing Pre-Myopia: A Narrative Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Combined and interaction effects of outdoor and reading time on myopia onset: evidence from over 210 000 schoolchildren in China.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- What do we know about premyopia and should we be giving it greater consideration?BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Short Sleep Duration Is Associated with Overestimated Myopia in University Students.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Scoping Review of the Role of Accommodation and Binocular Coordination in Myopia Onset and Progression.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Myopia and daylight-A combination of factors.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Pseudomyopia and cycloplegic changes in young cynomolgus macaques.Molecular vision · 2025Article
- Impacts of environments on school myopia by spatial analysis techniques in Wuhan.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- The Relationship between Selected Parameters and the Occurrence of Premyopia in a Group of 1155 Children Aged 8 in Northwestern Poland.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo investigate whether pseudomyopia is an independent risk factor for myopia onset based on a population-based cohort study.
methodsNon-myopic children were recruited from schools in rural and urban settings of Shangdong province, China. Baseline examinations started in September 2020 and all participants were invited for a 6-month follow-up. Pseudomyopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤-0.50 diopters (D) before cycloplegia and >-0.50D after cycloplegia. Myopia was defined as cycloplegic SE ≤-0.50D.
resultsA total of 2328 children (baseline age: 4-17 years) were included in the final analysis. During the 6-month follow-up, 21.1% (355/1680) pseudomyopic eyes developed myopia, and 3.8% (110/2879) non-myopic and non-pseudomyopic eyes developed myopia. After adjusting for multiple myopia risk factors, including baseline cycloplegic SE, near work and outdoor time, pseudomyopia was found to be an independent risk factor for myopia onset (relative risk=2.52, 95% CI 1.86 to 3.42). Additionally, pseudomyopic children with more myopic cycloplegic SE (p<0.001), smaller difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic SE (DIFF, p<0.001), and higher binocular amplitude of accommodation (p<0.001) had higher risk of myopia development.
conclusionThis is an important longitudinal study to prove that pseudomyopia is an independent risk factor for myopia development among school-aged children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.