ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2023
The Burden of COVID-19 in the Immunocompromised Patient: Implications for Vaccination and Needs for the Future.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disparities in COVID-19 mortality amongst the immunosuppressed: A systematic review and meta-analysis for enhanced disease surveillance.The Journal of infection · 2024Pooled it
- Pre-vaccine sentinel antibodies predict blunted vaccine responses.Cell press blue · 2026Article
- Harmonization of Real-World Data for Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Diseases: Integration of SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic and Serologic Data From Multiple Sources.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Preserved SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses despite impaired humoral immunity in children with profound B-cell lymphopenia.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Article
- Immunocompromised Status Definition in Observational Studies Using Electronic Health Records: A Scoping Review and a Proposal for a Phenotype Identification Algorithm.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Review of Infections in Immunocompromised Travellers: Epidemiology, Infection Prevention and Management.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Optimized ACE2-Fc fusion proteins with picomolar neutralization activity against highly evolved SARS-CoV-2 variants.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Outcomes of immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised patients in the ICU diverge late in the pandemic.PloS one · 2026Article
- Symptom Alleviation/Resolution and Returns to Usual Health/Activities in Immunocompromised Adults with COVID-19 Treated with Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir: Results from the EPIC-IC Trial.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- The BTK-DDX41 axis of the STING pathway is activated during cytomegalovirus lytic infection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of vaccination in patients undergoing dialysis or patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Broadly Sarbecovirus-Neutralizing Antibodies Induced by Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Viruses · 2025Article
- A multicenter study to assess the performance of the point-of-care RT-PCR Cobas SARS-CoV-2 & Influenza A/B nucleic acid test for use on the Cobas Liat system in comparison with centralized assays across healthcare facilities in the United States.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Corticosteroids in immunocompromised ICU patients with severe COVID-19: a multicenter retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- H5N1 Avian Influenza: A Narrative Review of Scientific Advances and Global Policy Challenges.Viruses · 2025Review
- Association of vaccination status and immunosuppression with mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 within-host persistence.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Early combined therapy for COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: a promising approach against viral persistence and drug resistance.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Approximately 3% of US adults are immunocompromised and less capable of fighting infections such as SARS-CoV-2 (the causative agent of COVID-19). Individuals may be immunocompromised for reasons related to an underlying medical condition or to immunomodulatory therapies that alter the immune response. In general, vaccination with mRNA-based vaccines is effective at reducing COVID-19-associated hospitalization and death among immunocompromised populations, particularly after 3 or more doses. However, the immunocompromised population is heterogeneous, with COVID-19 vaccine-elicited immune responses and risk for severe COVID-19 existing on a continuum. Therefore, understanding the impact of vaccination and the complexity of immune responses across heterogeneous immunocompromised individuals is essential for guiding effective vaccination regimens including additional (booster) doses. In this article, we provide an overview of the immunocompromised population and the burden of disease attributable to COVID-19, while discussing key opportunities and challenges of vaccinating immunocompromised individuals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.