ArticlePharmacotherapy2023
Potential drug-drug interactions among U.S. adults treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir: A cross-sectional study of the National Covid Cohort Collaborative (N3C).
Article in Pharmacotherapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential Drug-Drug Interactions With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Among Long-Term Care Facility Residents.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2026Article
- How Data Analytics Can Be Leveraged to Enhance Graduate Clinical Skills Education.Journal of graduate medical education · 2025Article
- Frequency, type and severity of drug-related problems and pharmacist interventions in Paxlovid® prescribing: a descriptive analysis.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2025Article
- Influence of a Short Course of Ritonavir Used as Booster in Antiviral Therapies Against SARS-CoV-2 on the Exposure of Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2025Article
- Real-World Analysis of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Based on the Hospital Prescription Analysis (HPA) Database in 9 Cities of China.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Ritonavir: 25 Years' Experience of Concomitant Medication Management. A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveTo estimate the prevalence of potential moderate to severe drug-drug interactions (DDIs) involving nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, identify interacting medications, and evaluate risk factors associated with potential DDIs.
designCross-sectional study. DATA SOURCE: Electronic health records from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative Enclave, one of the largest COVID-19 data resources in the United States. PATIENTS: Outpatients aged ≥18 years and started nirmatrelvir/ritonavir between December 23, 2021 and March 31, 2022.
interventionNirmatrelvir/ritonavir. MEASUREMENTS: The outcome is potential moderate to severe DDIs, defined as starting interacting medications reported by National Institutes of Health 30 days before or 10 days after starting nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. MAIN
resultsOf 3214 outpatients who started nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, the mean age was 56.8 ± 17.1 years, 39.5% were male, and 65.8% were non-Hispanic white. Overall, 521 (16.2%) were potentially exposed to at least one moderate to severe DDI, most commonly to atorvastatin (19.2% of all DDIs), hydrocodone (14.0%), or oxycodone (14.0%). After adjustment for covariates, potential DDIs were more likely among individuals who were older (odds ratio [OR] 1.16 per 10-year increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.25), male (OR 1.36, CI 1.09-1.71), smokers (OR 1.38, CI 1.10-1.73), on more co-medications (OR 1.35, CI 1.31-1.39), and with a history of solid organ transplant (OR 3.63, CI 2.05-6.45).
conclusionsOne in six of individuals receiving nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were at risk of a potential moderate or severe DDI, underscoring the importance of clinical and pharmacy systems to mitigate such risks.
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