ArticleNEJM evidence2023
Colistin Monotherapy versus Combination Therapy for Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms.
Article in NEJM evidence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 90 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Controlled Trial for the Treatment of Extensively Drug-Resistant Gram-negative Bacilli (OVERCOME)
Cefiderocol and Ampicillin-sulbactam vs. Colistin or Colistin-meropenem for Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Bacteremia or Hospital-acquired Pneumonia: Controlled Clinical Study With Historical Controls (CASCADE)
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling using combined time-kill data for meropenem and colistin or polymyxin B combination effects inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Pooled it
- Factors affecting the effectiveness and safety of colistin in treating drug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Colistin-based combination therapy versus monotherapy for carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of combining antibiotics on resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.eLife · 2024Pooled it
- Efficiency of combination therapy versus monotherapy for the treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Carbapenem Antibiotics Versus Other Antibiotics for Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: a Systematic Review and Patient-Level Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (PROSPERO CRD42018108854).Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2023Pooled it
- Guideline for antimicrobial treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections: practice recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesGuideline
- The Impact of Synergistic Therapy Between Colistin and Meropenem on Outcomes of People With Pneumonia or Bloodstream Infection Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) acquisition and molecular characterization following colistin monotherapy and colistin-meropenem combination therapy: findings from the AIDA randomized trial.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Trial
- Simultaneous quantitation of tigecycline, meropenem, polymyxin B in plasma, and protein-binding analysis in HSCT patients.Bioanalysis · 2025Trial
- Polymyxin B therapy based on therapeutic drug monitoring in carbapenem-resistant organisms sepsis: the PMB-CROS randomized clinical trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and safety of colistin monotherapy versus colistin-based combination therapy in pediatric patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections: A propensity score analysis.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Weight-based polymyxin B dosing for mortality and nephrotoxicity: an exploratory dose-response study.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Gram-negative bacterial infection randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the 21st century: characteristics and evolution.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Virulence and Resistance Mechanisms in Multidrug-ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Peptides, Bacteriocins and Mycocins as Natural Antimicrobials: Applications in Food Safety, Agriculture and Healthcare.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Reply to Chirumbolo, "Antimicrobial regimens for the treatment of pan-drug-resistantAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Carbapenemases: epidemiology, detection and management in a changing global landscape.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Sulbactam-Durlobactam for Carbapenem-ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Reply to Külls et al., "Residual confounding and outcome definition in observational comparisons of PDR-Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
31 authors at 20 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPneumonia and bloodstream infections (BSI) due to extensively drug-resistant (XDR)
methodsThe OVERCOME (Colistin Monotherapy versus Combination Therapy) trial was an international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. We randomly assigned participants to receive colistin (5 mg/kg once followed by 1.67 mg/kg every 8 hours) in combination with either meropenem (1000 mg every 8 hours) or matching placebo for the treatment of pneumonia and/or BSI caused by XDR A.
resultsBetween 2012 and 2020, a total of 464 participants were randomly assigned to treatment, and 423 eligible patients comprised the modified intention-to-treat population.
conclusionsCombination therapy with colistin and meropenem was not superior to colistin monotherapy for the treatment of pneumonia or BSI caused by these pathogens. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases protocol 10-0065; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01597973.).
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.