ArticleFrontiers in public health2023
Effects of physical activity combined with different visual target presentation durations of ciliary-muscle training on visual acuity in children.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of exercise on myopia in children and adolescents and its modifying factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Exercise and visual training interventions for myopia in children and adolescents: a systematic review with a focus on near-far accommodation.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of physical exercise with additional visual tasks on UDVA and accommodation sensitivity in children: the mediating role of kinetic visual acuity.Frontiers in public health · 2024Trial
- Effects of Physical Exercise Combined with Accommodative Training on Visual Acuity and Ocular Biometric Parameters in Children Aged 6-7.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Physical activity for the co-prevention of myopia and obesity in children and adolescents: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The mediating roles of screen time and sleep duration in the association between extracurricular physical activity and visual acuity in primary school students.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Association between physical exercise based on FITT principle and vision health among primary school students in Suzhou, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Comparison of cycloplegic effects of atropine and tropicamide in children with refractive error.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- The impact of physical exercise with additional visual tasks on self-esteem in children: the mediating role of visual acuity.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The effects of physical exercise with additional visual tasks on vision and anxiety in children aged 10-11 years.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Improving children's visual health by integrating motor imagery training into physical education classes.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Meta-analysis of the effects of physical activity on ocular biometrics in children and adolescents.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effect of different durations of visual target presentation during ciliary-muscle training on children's kinetic visual acuity (KVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), axial length, and accommodative facility. Methods: Based on the ciliary-muscle regulation mechanism, an intervention program involving ciliary-muscle training with different durations of visual target presentation combined with physical education classes was designed. The intervention aimed to determine the effect of different ciliary-muscle training durations on children's visual acuity. A total of 153 children aged 10-11 years from a school in Suzhou (a major city located in southeastern Jiangsu Province, East China) were enrolled as participants in this 32-week intervention study. This study measured the participants' UDVA and KVA before, during (after the 16th week), and after (after the 32nd week) the experimental intervention. The accommodative facility was measured during and after the intervention. Results: After 32 weeks of the intervention, the KVA and UDVA of each experimental group were significantly improved ( Conclusion: In school physical education classes, the 1-s, 3-s, and 5-s ciliary-muscle regulating exercise could effectively improve the kinetic visual acuity, uncorrected distance visual acuity, and accommodative facility of children aged 10-11 years. Among them, the effects of the 1-s and 3-s durations are better than that of the 5-s duration, as it can reduce the growth rate of axial length and achieve better effects among children with mild and moderate myopia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.