ArticleEye (London, England)2024
Comparison of subretinal aflibercept vs ranibizumab vs bevacizumab in the context of PPV, pneumatic displacement with subretinal air and subretinal tPA in naïve submacular haemorrhage secondary to nAMD. "The Submarine Study".
Article in Eye (London, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the clinical effect of intravitreal ranibizumab and intravitreal dexamethasone implants in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion complicated with macular oedema: a meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions for submacular haemorrhage: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of controversies-On behalf of the Spanish Vitreo-Retinal Society (SERV).Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of current treatment strategies for AMD-related submacular haemorrhage: Real-world outcomes.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Management of submacular hemorrhage: from a case report to a comprehensive review of current treatment strategies.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Management of submacular hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration with vitrectomy and subretinal tissue plasminogen activator injection: Outcomes and prognostic factors.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Comparative outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy with subretinal rt-PA injection in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: the role of simultaneous anti-VEGF treatment.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The effect of diabetes on short-term outcomes following epiretinal membrane surgery.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Multi-Omics Integration With Machine Learning Identified Early Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetic Macula Edema and Anti-VEGF Treatment Response.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Combined treatment of submacular hemorrhage with low-dose subretinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and intravitreal conbercept.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Safety, structure and function five years after hESC-RPE patch transplantation in acute neovascular AMD with submacular haemorrhage.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- NLRP3 and autophagy in retinal ganglion cell inflammation in age-related macular degeneration: potential therapeutic implications.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Impact of treatment gap on visual acuity in patients with submacular hemorrhage secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with quadruple intervention strategy.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyArticle
- Unexpected Vision Loss following Six Intravitreal Injections for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Case reports in ophthalmologyArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare efficacy and safety profile of subretinal aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab in the context of pars plana vitrectomy, pneumatic displacement with subretinal air and subretinal tPA for subretinal macular haemorrhage (SMH) due to naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).
designRetrospective interventional cohort study.
participants123 eyes of 123 patients treated with subretinal aflibercept (n = 41, 33%), ranibizumab (n = 41,33%), and bevacizumab (n = 41, 33%).
methodsReview of electronic medical records for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfoveal thickness (CST), and intraocular pressure (IOP) at baseline and 24 months after treatment.
main outcome measuresBCVA, CST, and number of intravitreal anti VEGF over 24 months.
resultsMean age of patients was 80.5 ± 5.5 years, 43.9% were female. Mean time from symptom onset until surgery was 1.1 days (range 0-3 days). In all cases, the SMH did not reach the arcades. CST at baseline was 627 ± 140 µ, 739 ± 54 µ, and 793 ± 93 µ (p = 0.0001) for aflibercept, ranibizumab, or bevacizumab, respectively. Baseline BCVA (logMAR) was 0.65 ± 0.13, 0.69 ± 0.96, and 0.74 ± 0.81 (p = 0.0041) for aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab, respectively. All three groups showed statistically significant improvement in BCVA and CST (for all groups: p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference at the final BCVA (p = 0.789). The mean number of anti VEGF given during follow-up period was 5.2 ± 0.81, 4.4 ± 0.63, and 5.5 ± 0.95 (p = 0.0001) for aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab, respectively.
conclusionThis study shows that aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab in a subretinal manner in the context of PPV, pneumatic displacement with subretinal air and subretinal tPA for subretinal macular haemorrhage secondary to naïve nAMD work with the same efficacy and safety profile.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.