ArticleBritish journal of cancer2023
Blocking of oestrogen signals improves anti-tumour effect regardless of oestrogen receptor alpha expression in cancer cells.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biological and computer-aided evaluation of 3-methoxy-13α-estrone-16α-diphenylphosphine oxide as a new antiestrogenic agent.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Role of IL-34 in Tumors and Its Application to Regulate Inflammation.Cancer science · 2025Review
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Estrogen signaling suppresses tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia to promote breast tumor growth.Science advances · 2024Article
- Network-based approach elucidates critical genes in BRCA subtypes and chemotherapy response in triple negative breast cancer.iScience · 2024Article
- Sex-specific outcomes in cancer therapy: the central role of hormones.Frontiers in medical technology · 2024Review
- Sex differences in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes: the role of androgen receptor.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnti-oestrogenic therapy has been used for breast cancer patients with oestrogen susceptibility cancer cells. However, little has been known about its potential role for immune cell biology within TME, particularly in cancer patients without oestrogen sensitivity of tumour cells. Therefore, we aimed to study the effect of oestrogen on immunity within TME.
methodsUsing a clinical dataset, immune cells of humans and mice, female mice with and without ovaries, and several murine ERα-negative cancer cell lines, we evaluated the effect of oestrogen on immunity in TME.
resultsClinical data analysis suggested oestrogen's suppressive efficacy against CTLs. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed intra-tumoural CTLs' direct repressive action by oestrogen in both mice and humans; blockade of oestrogen signals cancelled its immunosuppression resulting in tumour growth reduction in vivo. Most notably, immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor; ICI) combined with anti-oestrogenic therapy exhibited a dramatic anti-tumour effect.
conclusionsThis study provides novel insights into how oestrogen contributes to tumour progression and a therapeutic rationale for blocking oestrogen signalling to boost the anti-tumour effect of ICI, regardless of tumour cells' ERα expression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.