ArticleEpidemiology and health2023
Unequal burdens of COVID-19 infection: a nationwide cohort study of COVID-19-related health inequalities in Korea.
Article in Epidemiology and health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The intersection of health inequalities and COVID-19: Evidence from National Health Insurance Big Data in South Korea.American journal of community psychology · 2026Article
- Evaluating voluntary care seeking effects on COVID-19 outcomes and health system costs.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genome diversity of SARS-CoV-2 lineages associated with vaccination breakthrough infections in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Inequality in mortality according to regional deprivation during the COVID-19 pandemic.Epidemiology and health · 2025Article
- Universal health coverage saves more lives among severely ill COVID-19 patients: A difference-in-differences analysis of individual patient data in South Korea.Health research policy and systems · 2024Article
- The role of area deprivation index in health care disruptions among cancer survivors during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Public health · 2024Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesWhile the Korean government's response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is considered effective given the relatively low mortality rate, issues of inequality have been insufficiently addressed. This study explored COVID-19-related health inequalities in Korea.
methodsAge standardization for various health inequality indices was derived using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, and the Microdata Integrated Service of Statistics Korea. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were calculated for socioeconomic variables, while absolute difference (AD) and relative difference (RD) were used for gender and disability inequalities.
resultsWe observed a number of COVID-19-related health outcome inequalities. Gender inequality was particularly noticeable in infection rates, with the rate of women 1.16 times higher than that of men. In contrast, socioeconomic inequality was evident in vaccination rates, with a 4.5-fold (SII, -4.519; 95% confidence interval, -7.403 to -1.634) difference between the highest and lowest household income groups. Regarding clinical progression post-infection, consistent findings indicated higher risk for men (RD for hospitalization, 0.90; severe cases, 0.54; and fatality, 0.65), individuals with disabilities (RD for hospitalization, 2.27; severe cases, 2.29; and fatality, 2.37), and those from lower socioeconomic groups (SII for hospitalization, 1.778; severe cases, 0.089; and fatality, 0.451).
conclusionsWhile the infection risk was nearly ubiquitous, not everyone faced the same level of risk post-infection. To prevent further health inequalities, it is crucial to develop a thoughtful policy acknowledging individual health conditions and resources.
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