Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37536353›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet. Haematology2023

Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

GBD 2021 Anaemia Collaborators

Erratum issued 2 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet. Haematology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 332 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
332citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06665516 completednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Frequency and Impact of Iron Deficiency in Pain Clinic Patients

TypeobservationalSponsorMcMaster UniversityRan2025 to 2025Enrolled81ConditionsIron Deficiency, Fibromyalgia
NCT07483645 active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effectiveness and Acceptability of a Liposomal Iron Supplement With Vitamin C and Fiber (LISEFEX®): Observational, Descriptive, Prospective, Longitudinal, Multicenter Study in Mexican Subjects Diagnosed With Mild to Moderate Iron Deficiency Anemia.

TypeobservationalSponsorCarnot LaboratoriesRan2025 to 2026Enrolled74ConditionsIron Deficiency Anemia
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

332 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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272 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

GBD 2021 Anaemia Collaborators

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAnaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are crucial for developing appropriate interventions to meet current international targets for disease mitigation. We describe the prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends of anaemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories.

methodsWe estimated population-level distributions of haemoglobin concentration by age and sex for each location from 1990 to 2021. We then calculated anaemia burden by severity and associated years lived with disability (YLDs). With data on prevalence of the causes of anaemia and associated cause-specific shifts in haemoglobin concentrations, we modelled the proportion of anaemia attributed to 37 underlying causes for all locations, years, and demographics in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

findingsIn 2021, the global prevalence of anaemia across all ages was 24·3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 23·9-24·7), corresponding to 1·92 billion (1·89-1·95) prevalent cases, compared with a prevalence of 28·2% (27·8-28·5) and 1·50 billion (1·48-1·52) prevalent cases in 1990. Large variations were observed in anaemia burden by age, sex, and geography, with children younger than 5 years, women, and countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia being particularly affected. Anaemia caused 52·0 million (35·1-75·1) YLDs in 2021, and the YLD rate due to anaemia declined with increasing Socio-demographic Index. The most common causes of anaemia YLDs in 2021 were dietary iron deficiency (cause-specific anaemia YLD rate per 100 000 population: 422·4 [95% UI 286·1-612·9]), haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias (89·0 [58·2-123·7]), and other neglected tropical diseases (36·3 [24·4-52·8]), collectively accounting for 84·7% (84·1-85·2) of anaemia YLDs.

interpretationAnaemia remains a substantial global health challenge, with persistent disparities according to age, sex, and geography. Estimates of cause-specific anaemia burden can be used to design locally relevant health interventions aimed at improving anaemia management and prevention.

fundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Indexed as

AnemiaGlobal Burden of DiseaseChildChild, PreschoolDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal HealthHemoglobinsHumansPrevalenceHemoglobins

Identifiers

PMID37536353
PMCPMC10465717

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.