ArticleSaudi journal of medicine & medical sciences
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease among Adults in Saudi Arabia.
Article in Saudi journal of medicine & medical sciences. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence and association between electronic cigarette use and dry eye symptom severity among Palestinian university students: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The Investigation of Plasma Natriuretic Peptide as Inflammatory Biomarker Predictor in Coronary Heart Disease Patients With Dry Eye Disease: A Case-Control Study.International journal of inflammation · 2026Article
- Translation and Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of the Arabic 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire: A Reliability Study in Healthy Young Adults.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Comparative clinical outcomes of SMILE, femtosecond LASIK, and transepithelial PRK: a multicenter Iraqi study.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
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- Electronic device exposure and dry eye symptoms among medical and nonmedical Palestinian university students: a multicenter cross-sectional study of associated factors.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
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- Article
- Prevalence of dry eye symptoms and associated risk factors among students at Al-Mustaqbal University, Iraq.PloS one · 2025Article
- Impact of Environmental Exposure on Ocular Surface Balance: A Comparative Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
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- Review
- The severity of dry eye symptoms and risk factors among university students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Correlations of CO, SOSaudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Environmental and epidemiological factors increase the risk of dry eye in Saudi Arabia, but most studies have limited generalizability. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) among adults across Saudi Arabia and the associated risk factors. The secondary objective was to estimate the economic burden of DED by calculating lubricant usage and its annual costs. Methods: This cross-sectional study invited adults from across Saudi Arabia to complete a questionnaire that collected data regarding demographics, symptoms related to DED, previous diagnosis of DED, use of contact lenses, and use of eye lubricants. Results: A total of 2042 responses were received, of which 784 (38.4%) respondents had previously been diagnosed with DED and 752 (36.8%) were symptomatic but undiagnosed. Between the DED diagnosed and symptomatic-undiagnosed groups, a significant difference was found in terms of age ( Conclusions: The prevalence of DED is high among adults in Saudi Arabia. High-risk population include elderly, female, and using electronic screens for >2 hours/day.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.