ArticleJournal of hepatocellular carcinoma2023
Hispanic Individuals are Underrepresented in Phase III Clinical Trials for Advanced Liver Cancer in the United States.
Article in Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Analysis of WNT Pathway Dysregulation in Bevacizumab-Treated Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Language Barriers Limit Clinical Trial Accessibility for Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer.Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Current Status of Drug Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma-Updated Progress and Critical Limitations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Unveiling Disparities: Analyzing Hispanic Inclusion in Liver Cancer Research Databases in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Precision Medicine Reveals Prognostic Impact of TGF-Beta Pathway Alterations in FOLFOX-Treated Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Among Disproportionately Affected Populations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Comparative Genomic Analysis of Key Oncogenic Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Diverse Populations.Cancers · 2025Article
- Barriers and Opportunities for Cancer Clinical Trials in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Molecular Heterogeneity in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Pathway-Specific Insights in High-Risk Populations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Comparative genomic analysis of key oncogenic pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma among diverse populations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Pathway-specific genomic alterations in pancreatic cancer across diverse cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Health disparities in cirrhosis care and liver transplantation.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Immunotherapeutic Advances in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Hispanic individuals comprise the second-largest subpopulation after non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals in the United States (US). We compared the relative contribution of Hispanic individuals to the ten most common causes of cancer-related deaths and studied enrollment of Hispanic patients in multinational phase III advanced liver cancer trials with the aim to investigate whether racial subpopulations are adequately represented in liver cancer trials. Methods: Relative cancer incidence rates in Hispanic individuals, NHW individuals, non-Hispanic black (NHB) individuals, and Asian individuals were obtained from both the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database. Searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, we identified phase III clinical trials studying advanced liver cancer in the last ten years and collected enrollment for each race and ethnicity. Incidence rates of liver cancer and enrollment rates in phase III trials were compared by race and ethnicity. Results: The cancer type with the relatively highest contribution of Hispanic individuals was liver cancer. From 2015 to 2019, 15.1% of liver cancer cases occurred in Hispanic individuals compared to 12.5% in Asian individuals, 11% in NHB individuals, and 7.5% in NHW individuals. In the last ten years, Hispanic individuals made up 1.6% of patients and NHB individuals 1.3% of patients included in phase III multinational liver cancer trials, compared to 31% NHW individuals and 47% Asian individuals. Conclusion: Hispanic individuals are disproportionately underrepresented in multinational phase III clinical trials for liver cancer despite having the highest relative incidence rates among the four major racial or ethnic groups in the US.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.