ArticleCurrent pharmaceutical biotechnology2024
Delivery of Agarose-aided Sprays to the Posterior Nose for Mucosa Immunization and Short-term Protection against Infectious Respiratory Diseases.
Article in Current pharmaceutical biotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inhalable bioadhesive barrier for lung protection and clearance of fine particulate matter.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Experimentally Informed Numerical Simulations of Spray Deposition and Runoff Doses in a 10-Day-Old Nose Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring E-Vape Aerosol Penetration into Paranasal Sinuses: Insights from Patient-Specific Models.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hydrogel applications: a promising frontier in pneumonia therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Effects of Nozzle Retraction Elimination on Spray Distribution in Middle-Posterior Turbinate Regions: A Comparative Study.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Advances in Aerogels Formulations for Pulmonary Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Agents: Safety, Efficacy and Regulatory Aspects.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe study aimed to deliver sprays to the posterior nose for mucosa immunization or short-term protection.
backgroundRespiratory infectious diseases often enter the human body through the nose. Sars- Cov-2 virus preferentially binds to the ACE2-rich tissue cells in the Nasopharynx (NP). Delivering medications to the nose, especially to the NP region, provides either a short-term protective/ therapeutic layer or long-term mucosa immunization. Hydrogel-aided medications can assist film formation, prolong film life, and control drug release. However, conventional nasal sprays have failed to dispense mediations to the posterior nose, with most sprays lost in the nasal valve and front turbinate.
objectiveThe objective of the study was to develop a practical delivery system targeting the posterior nose and quantify the dosimetry distribution of agarose-saline solutions in the nasal cavity.
methodsThe solution viscosities with various hydrogel concentrations (0.1-1%) were measured at different temperatures. Dripping tests on a vertical plate were conducted to understand the hydrogel concentration effects on the liquid film stability and mobility. Transparent nasal airway models were used to visualize the nasal spray deposition and liquid film translocation.
resultsSpray dosimetry with different hydrogel concentrations and inhalation flow rates was quantified on a total and regional basis. The solution viscosity increased with decreasing temperature, particularly in the range of 60-40oC. The liquid viscosity, nasal spray atomization, and liquid film mobility were highly sensitive to the hydrogel concentration. Liquid film translocations significantly enhanced delivered doses to the caudal turbinate and nasopharynx when the sprays were administered at 60oC under an inhalation flow rate of 11 L/min with hydrogel concentrations no more than 0.5%. On the other hand, sprays with 1% hydrogel or administered at 40oC would significantly compromise the delivered doses to the posterior nose.
conclusionDelivering sufficient doses of hydrogel sprays to the posterior nose is feasible by leveraging the post-administration liquid film translocation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
37533243What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.